The battery is the nerve center of the automobile circuit, and its performance directly affects the normal operation of the vehicle. However, some owners and maintenance personnel do not understand or pay attention to the use and maintenance of the battery, causing early damage to the battery and even damage to other electrical equipment. Misunderstanding 1: The battery charge capacity does not match the engine. Selecting the battery's charge capacity based on the type of engine and the conditions of use is one of the important ways to improve the economy of the battery and prolong its service life. When starting the engine, the battery output current is large, typically 150 to 200A, and the output current is as high as 250 to 300A at low temperature (-10°C) startup. If the battery charge capacity and the engine do not match, the battery charge capacity is too small, when the starting resistance is large, the small charge capacity of the battery in the case of severe discharge, is bound to accelerate the reaction time per unit time of active material and sulfuric acid, so that the battery temperature rise High, the plate is bent due to overload, resulting in a large number of active material fall off, early destruction of the plate, so that the battery life is greatly shortened. If the battery charge capacity is too large, although the above problem does not occur, the active material thereof cannot be fully utilized and the economical efficiency of the battery is reduced. Therefore, the battery's charge capacity must match the engine. The choice of the battery charge capacity is usually based on the starter power, voltage, and the load of the consumer equipment. Myth #2: Battery Parallel Connection Some vehicle owners use a fully-charged battery in parallel because the original battery does not have enough power when starting the engine. Actually, a fully charged battery after parallel connection will charge a battery with insufficient charge current with a large charging current, which can easily cause the active material of the electrode plate to fall off and affect its service life. At the same time, the parallel connection of the batteries does not provide a large starting current for the starter, which is not conducive to the start of the engine. The correct method should be to remove the battery with insufficient power, replace it with a fully charged battery, and then start the engine. Myth #3: Ignore electrolyte level The battery electrolyte level should be checked regularly. If the amount of electrolyte is not enough, it will lead to vulcanization on the contact surface between the upper plate and the air, which will reduce the charge capacity of the battery and shorten its service life. Generally in the winter half a month should be checked once, summer high temperature water is easy to evaporate, should be checked once a week. Electrolyte liquid level is generally higher than the pole plate network 10 ~ 15mm. Most batteries now have upper and lower electrolyte level markings on the casing, so the electrolyte level can be within the specified range. For the maintenance-free storage batteries that are widely used at present, although it is not necessary to add distilled water in use, it is also necessary to check the height of the electrolyte liquid level in conjunction with the regular maintenance of the vehicle, and if it does not meet the requirements, it should be adjusted. Misunderstanding 4: Add distilled water at will In the daily maintenance of the battery, when the electrolyte is insufficient, distilled water should generally be added. However, sometimes the electrolyte reduction is caused by the occurrence of cracks in the battery case or leakage of the electrolyte due to the lack of tightness in the filling hole cover. Some vehicle owners often do not pay attention to distinguish between the level of the liquid when checking the battery casing is damaged or other causes of electrolyte leakage, or normal loss, as long as the electrolyte level is found to reduce the increase of distilled water, resulting in significantly reduced electrolyte density, The battery does not work properly. Some car owners often add distilled water after harvesting. As a result, the added distilled water can not be fully mixed with the original electrolyte of the battery, so it is easy for the battery to generate self-discharge or damage the battery plate, and it will cause partial icing of the battery in a cold region. Affects the service life of the battery. Conversely, if distilled water is added to the battery before the vehicle is discharged, the generator will continue to charge the battery while it is running. The distilled water can be fully mixed with the original electrolyte in the battery and the battery performance will not be affected. Therefore, the vehicle should be out of the vehicle. Distilled water is added before, and distilled water should not be added after harvesting. Myth #5: Freely Adding Electrolyte In the process of using the vehicle, it is often encountered that after the battery is used for a period of time, there is a phenomenon of insufficient electricity storage, reduced electrolyte density, or lack of water. Some vehicle owners do not understand the technical performance of the battery and mistakenly believe that the addition of electrolytes will allow them to recover their working capacity. As everyone knows, this will lead to continuous increase in the battery electrolyte density, which will not only increase its internal resistance, the terminal voltage drops rapidly, but also due to increased electrolyte viscosity, poor permeability, so that the battery charge capacity decreases. During use, the decrease in the electrolyte density is not due to the consumption of sulfuric acid. Instead, as the discharge proceeds, the amount of stored electricity decreases. Sulfuric acid is gradually transferred to the bipolar plates, and lead sulfate is generated with the active material to reduce the electrolyte density. Smaller, the more discharged the electrolyte density is. Therefore, when the battery electrolyte density decreases, the battery should be recharged in a timely manner. Do not add electrolyte at will. Myth 6: Before adding the electrolyte solution, cleaning the factory-used battery with distilled water has completely complied with the requirements. It is not necessary to clean the new battery with distilled water before adding the electrolyte. This will not only result in waste of materials and working hours, but also infiltrate the plate. The internal distilled water will dilute the electrolyte and reduce the density of the electrolyte, which will affect the battery performance. For repaired batteries, apply electrolyte wash before use. Misunderstanding 7: The battery is not recharged Some vehicle owners often neglect to charge the in-use battery. As the battery is not fully charged in the car, it is easy to cause plate vulcanization; at the same time, the charge and discharge of electricity in use is unbalanced, if the discharge is greater than the charge and the battery is in a loss state for a long time, the battery plate will slowly vulcanization. This chronic vulcanization will continuously reduce the charge capacity of the battery until it starts to fail, greatly shortening the service life of the battery. In order to restore the active material on the battery plate in a timely manner, reduce plate vulcanization, increase battery charge capacity, and extend its service life. The in-use vehicle battery should be periodically recharged. Misunderstanding 8: Overcharged batteries often overcharge the battery, even if the charging current is not large, but the electrolyte "boiling" for a long time, in addition to the active material surface of the fine particles easy to fall off, but also make the grid excessive oxidation, resulting in active materials and grid Loosely peeled. Myth #9: Different capacity batteries can not be connected in series using different capacity batteries. Because two batteries with different capacities are used in series, the battery with small capacity is often overcharged or discharged, thereby shortening the service life of the battery. Misunderstanding 10: Mixed use of old and new batteries In order to make full use of the batteries that can be used, the use of new and old batteries in series occurs frequently. As everyone knows, this approach will shorten the new battery life. Because the new battery has more chemical reaction materials, higher terminal voltage and smaller internal resistance, while the old battery has lower voltage and higher internal resistance. Generally, the internal resistance of a new 12V battery is 0.015~0.018Ω, but the internal resistance of the old battery is more than 0.085Ω. If the old and new batteries are mixed in series, the charge voltage across the old battery will be higher than the charge voltage across the new battery in the state of charge. As a result, the new battery is not yet fully charged and the old battery is already too high; in the discharged state, due to The capacity of the new battery is larger than that of the old battery. As a result, the old battery is over-discharged and even the old battery is reversed. Therefore, the battery can not be mixed in series with old and new, and it is also not suitable to mix old and new single-cell batteries when repairing the battery. Misunderstanding 11: Ignoring the battery cover ventilation holes The holes in the battery cover are used to dissipate the internal gas of the battery. These gases are flammable hydrogen and oxidizing oxygen generated during the charging process. If you neglect the clearing of the ventilation hole, it will cause the ventilation hole to block, so that the heat and gas generated by the battery in the chemical reaction will nowhere, causing the battery temperature and pressure to increase, and even cause the battery to explode. Therefore, in routine maintenance, care should be taken to avoid breathing holes and prevent dirt from plugging. Misunderstanding 12: The higher the electrolyte level, the better. Many owners think that the higher the electrolyte level, the better, so when the battery is filled with electrolyte (or add distilled water), the liquid level is often higher than low The wrong way is to think that this will not cause a failure due to lack of electrolyte (or distilled water). In fact, the electrolyte is too high. During driving and charging of the vehicle, the electrolyte easily overflows from the vent hole on the battery cover and collects on the cover, so that the positive and negative poles on the battery cover are connected to form a loop, causing the battery to discharge itself. , And corrosion battery pole. Therefore, when filling the electrolyte, it should meet the technical requirements of the battery (general electrolyte level should be higher than the height of the protective plate 10 ~ 15mm). Misunderstanding 13: The greater the density of the electrolyte, the better. Many owners believe that the higher the electrolyte density, the lower the battery discharge, the higher the terminal voltage of the battery, the greater the charge capacity, and the prevention of electrolyte freezing in winter. When the electrolyte density is adjusted, not only the density of the original electrolyte is higher than the specified value, but also the distilled water is added to the electrolyte of different densities in normal use, resulting in a higher density of the electrolyte. The higher is. In fact, this is a wrong practice. Because the electrolyte density as an important indicator of the degree of battery discharge is based on the premise of the original electrolyte density has been determined, adding different concentrations of electrolyte, it means only to increase the density of the original electrolyte, even if measured electrolytic Higher liquid density can not explain its low degree of discharge; increasing the electrolyte density can improve the battery terminal voltage and charge capacity is also relatively speaking, and excessive electrolyte density can also result in plate vulcanization and separator corrosion and many other The problem is that the service life of the battery is reduced. Therefore, the electrolyte density "is rather big not small" approach is not desirable, should be adjusted according to the provisions of the electrolyte density. The liquid surface is reduced. Normally, only distilled water can be added (since the normal consumption of the electrolyte is actually the consumption of water), only the liquid level caused by leakage, etc., can be reduced, and only a certain concentration of electrolyte can be added. Misunderstanding 14: The new battery is not charged for the first time. The first charge of the battery is called the initial charge. The initial charge has a great influence on the service life of the battery. If the charge is not good, the battery capacity is not high and the life is short; if the charge is excessive, the electrical performance of the battery is still good, but its life may be shortened. Therefore, be careful when charging new batteries for the first time. Myth 15: Maintenance-free batteries do not carry out initial charging. Maintenance-free dry-charge batteries use low-alloy or lead-calcium alloys, and they have a catalytic circulator in the battery, so that the loss of water is greatly reduced, usually 8 to 12 months Add water, while impregnating the retarding agent (such as boric acid, stearic acid, etc.) through the negative plate, vapor or vacuum drying, the polar plate group can be stored in the dry state for a long period of time to obtain the charge obtained during the manufacturing process, namely the charge dry plate . According to the instruction manual, dry charge batteries need to be used within the prescribed 2 year shelf life, as long as the electrolyte is poured into the specified density and shelve for 15 minutes, it can be put into use without initial charging. However, due to the gap in the level of technology, the maintenance-free batteries produced by some manufacturers still lack a catalytic cycle device and are still in a state of little maintenance. Therefore, in order to increase the battery's power supply capacity, it is better to charge the maintenance-free storage battery for 5 to 8 hours. Myth 16: Do not discharge the active material on the positive plate of the battery before repairing the battery is PbO2. Its physical properties are very loose. If the battery is not discharged before the battery is repaired, when the positive plate is pulled out of the battery, it will cause active substances. Shedding; for the negative plate, the active substance is Pb, and it is easily oxidized when exposed to the air. If the battery is discharged before the battery is repaired, a layer of battery PbSO4 will be generated on the surfaces of the two plates, so that the strength of the positive plate is strengthened, and the negative plate is also protected. Myth 17: Power switch installed in the battery FireWire Some domestic cars are not equipped with a power switch at the factory. For safety and convenience, some drivers and maintenance personnel installed a manual power switch, but they were incorrectly installed in the battery fire wire. On the side, not only does it not play a preventive role, but it also triggers new insecurity. Only when the power switch is installed on the ground wire can it really play a safe role. The above points are errors that are likely to occur in the use of a battery, and should be given due attention by the user. They must be operated strictly in accordance with the requirements of the battery to avoid the above errors.
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