First, the cultivation time and strain selection. (a) Based on the actual conditions of mushroom farmers during winter, spring, and autumn, since *Coprinus comatus* does not have a covered fruiting body, it can be cultivated in large-scale sterilized bags during off-peak seasons. According to market demand, start preparing 20–30 days in advance, and use soiled mushrooms for planting. (b) Strains should be selected from those with thick mushroom bodies, moderate size, small scales, strong disease resistance, and high yield. Fresh seeds are taken from sown varieties, while salted varieties are selected from wild bushes.
Second, the formula for the culture medium:
Formula 1: 58% cottonseed hulls, 30% corn cobs, 2% ammonium phosphate, 10% fermented dried chicken manure.
Formula 2: 99% cottonseed hulls, 1% diammonium phosphate.
Formula 3: 30% oyster mushroom waste, 39% cottonseed hulls, 30% corn cobs, 1% potassium nitrate.
Each formula should include 0.15%–0.2% carbendazim or 0.1% Kemuling at 10 ml per kg. Lime powder is added at 5%, and water content should be 65%–70%.
Third, seasoning and fermentation. Depending on the site size, spices are mixed in batches. When temperatures are high, mix 1500–2000 kg at a time; when low, mix 5000–6000 kg. Materials on both sides of the pile are less likely to cause issues, leading to higher success rates. The next day after mixing, sprinkle dry chicken manure and stir thoroughly. On the third day, raise the temperature to 65°C and maintain it for two days. After turning the material, adjust the pH to above 9. Once fermented, cool the material quickly and spray pesticides to prevent pests and diseases.
Fourth, bagging and inoculation. (a) Use plastic bags of 22 cm × 45 cm or 25 cm × 50 cm, depending on the temperature. Ensure proper seasoning and disinfection, fasten the bags, and puncture holes promptly. Place the inoculated bags in a "goods" shape. Regardless of the method, ensure the material temperature does not exceed 30°C. After bagging, clean the area thoroughly. Disinfect the shed using an aerosol, and spray pesticides and fungicides once. (b) Inoculation: Keep the mycelium growth temperature at 25°C initially. After the cover forms, lower it to 22°C. When half the mycelium has grown, reduce the temperature to 18–20°C. Maintain humidity below 70% during this phase, using ventilation as needed. Ensure good air circulation—ventilate more when it's hot, and minimize when it's cold. The environment must remain alkaline. Light is not required during germination; if shading is needed, use shade nets, old films, or black plastic to block bright light. A successful culture will appear silvery-gray, gradually turning white. You can smell a unique fragrance, and the material should feel elastic when tapped.
Fifth, soil preparation. (a) If it’s a new shed, dig up the earth, break it with a shovel, layer by layer, spray the agent, and pile the soil near the edge. (b) After digging, disinfect with 2% lime powder, apply 5% formaldehyde solution and insecticide, then cover with a film for three days. Afterward, stack the soil for future use. The soil should have a moisture content of 45%, forming a clump when squeezed but dispersing easily.
Sixth, removing the bags and covering with soil. (a) After 7 days of mycelium coverage, begin removing the bags and covering them with soil. Keep the width within 1 meter, and between 1.5–2 meters for spacing, which increases yield. Spray insecticides and fungicides again, and disinfect with lime powder. Place the bags flat or broken, leaving a 3–5 cm gap. Cover the sides with soil, and sprinkle fertilizer at 0.6% of the material. Top with 3 cm of soil, spray again, and fill in the rest. After 7 days, when the mycelium reaches the noodles stage, cover the soil a second time with 1–2 cm thickness. (b) *Coprinus comatus* typically grows in clusters. Avoid spraying water directly on the mushroom buds—instead, spray walls, floors, or the air. Keep indoor humidity at 85%–90% and maintain a temperature of 16–20°C, ensuring adequate diffused light.
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