First, the cultivation time and strain selection: (a) Based on the actual conditions of mushroom farmers during winter, spring, and autumn feed production, since *Coprinus comatus* does not have a covered fruiting body, large-scale sterilization can be carried out during off-seasons. According to market demand, it is advisable to prepare 20–30 days in advance, using soiled mushrooms for cultivation. (b) The selected strains should belong to those with thick mushroom bodies, moderate size, small scales, strong disease resistance, and high yield. Fresh seeds are chosen from sown varieties, while salted varieties are taken from wild bushes.
Second, the formula for the culture medium:
- Formula 1: 58% cottonseed hulls, 30% corn cobs, 2% potassium nitrate, 10% fermented dried chicken manure.
- Formula 2: 99% cottonseed hulls, 1% diammonium phosphate.
- Formula 3: 30% waste from *Pleurotus* or *Pleurotus eryngii* or *Pleurotus ostreatus*, 39% cottonseed hulls, 30% corn cobs, 1% potassium nitrate.
Each formula should include 0.15–0.2% carbendazim or 0.1% Kemuling at 10 ml per kg. Lime powder is added at 5%, and water content should be between 65–70%.
Third, seasoning and fermentation: Depending on the batch size, spices are mixed accordingly. When temperatures are high, mix 1500–2000 kg at a time; when low, mix 5000–6000 kg. It’s better to have fewer materials on both sides of the pile to increase success rates. After mixing, sprinkle dry chicken manure the next day and stir evenly. On the third day, raise the material temperature to 65°C and maintain it for two days. After turning the feed, adjust the pH to above 9. Once fermented, spread the material, cool it down, and spray pesticides to prevent diseases and pests.
Fourth, bagging and inoculation:
(a) Bagging: Use plastic bags of 22 cm × 45 cm or 25 cm × 50 cm depending on the temperature. Ensure thorough seasoning and disinfection, fasten the bags, and puncture holes as needed. Place the bacterial bags in a "goods" formation. Regardless of the method, keep the material temperature below 30°C. Puncture the bags after packing, then clean the site. Disinfect the shed with an aerosol and spray insecticides and fungicides once.
(b) Inoculation:
1. Temperature: Maintain 25°C during mycelial germination, 22°C during growth, and 18–20°C after half the mycelium has developed.
2. Humidity: Keep the shed dry, with humidity below 70%, and ventilate as needed.
3. Air: Ensure fresh air, ventilate more when it's hot, and limit ventilation when it's cold. The environment must remain alkaline.
4. Light: No need for much light during germination. If using shade nets or old films with poor light transmission, avoid bright light. A successful bacterial bag will turn silver-gray and gradually white. You can smell a distinct odor, and the material should feel elastic when touched.
Fifth, preparing the earth cover:
(a) For new sheds, dig the soil in the field, break it up with shovels, layer it, spray the agent, and pile the soil along the edges.
(b) After digging, disinfect with 2% lime powder, apply 5% formaldehyde solution and insecticide, then cover with a film for three days. After that, heap the soil for later use. The soil should be moist enough to form a clump when squeezed but scatter when dropped.
Sixth, removing the bags and covering with soil:
(a) After 7 days of mycelial coverage, start removing the bags and covering them with soil. Keep the width within 1 meter, and leave 1.5–2 meters between rows to increase yield. Spray insecticides and fungicides again, and disinfect with lime powder. Place the bacterial bags flat or broken, leaving a 3–5 cm gap. Cover the sides with soil and sprinkle fertilizer at 0.6% of the material weight. Cover the top of the bag with 3 cm of soil, spray again, and fill the rest. After 7 days, when the mycelium starts forming, cover the soil a second time with 1–2 cm thickness.
(b) *Coprinus comatus* typically forms plexiform mushrooms. Avoid spraying water directly on the buds; instead, mist the walls, floor, or air. Keep the indoor humidity at 85–90% and the temperature between 16–20°C. Provide proper scattered light to encourage healthy growth.
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