In winter, harsh winds sweep through, the weather is severe, and green feed becomes scarce. This period increases the risk of disease outbreaks. Most ewes are in their gestation phase, requiring high levels of nutrients. At the same time, breeding sheep enter their first wintering period, facing a tough challenge. Proper care and management during this season are crucial. Any oversight can lead to serious consequences such as lameness, miscarriage, or even death. Therefore, implementing five key management strategies—warmth, protection, security, prevention of abortion, and health care—becomes essential for maintaining the well-being of the flock during winter.
1. **Warmth**
Sheep have a relatively strong cold tolerance, but temperatures should not drop below 0°C for adult sheep, and lambing areas must stay above 8°C. A suitable temperature range for the lambing area is 10–18°C. Before winter, it's important to repair the sheep shelter, fixing any leaks in the roof or walls. For open-air pens, cover the north wall with corn husks to block the wind. Closed shelters should have windbreaks on doors and windows. Simple sheds can be extended with plastic greenhouses and covered with straw curtains. During extremely cold days, provide heat sources like stoves inside the enclosure to keep the animals warm.
2. **Protection (Grazing and Feeding)**
Winter grazing allows the flock to access natural pastures, which helps improve their overall health and build resistance to cold and disease. Choose sunny slopes with good water sources for grazing. In early winter, some grasses and wild herbs may still be available. Take advantage of sunny midday hours to let the sheep graze as much as possible. As winter progresses, transition the flock to a more controlled feeding schedule. Weak sheep should receive additional care, such as juicy feed, increased concentrate, and regular exercise to maintain their strength.
3. **Security (Feeding and Management)**
Ensure that sheep have access to high-quality hay and crop stalks. Supplement their diet with soybean, corn, melon, and wheat bran to meet their nutritional needs. Each sheep should receive 200–250 grams of fine feed daily, while pregnant ewes need about 500–600 grams of concentrate. Provide fresh, slightly salty water at around 18°C, and feed them two to three times a day. Even in deep winter, allow the sheep to go out for short exercises on sunny afternoons to boost their immunity. Special attention should be given to pregnant ewes, ensuring they get enough nutrition, warm water, and a stress-free environment.
4. **Prevention of Abortion (Safe Housing and Handling)**
Separate male and female sheep to avoid unwanted mating, especially during pregnancy. Pregnant ewes should be housed in spacious, clean areas, with each animal having at least 2–2.5 square meters of space. Avoid overcrowding to prevent accidental injuries. Provide extra concentrate and light saltwater, using warm water only. Prevent fights within the flock by managing movement carefully. Avoid steep or dangerous paths and ensure grazing routes are safe and calm to prevent stress or accidents.
5. **Health Care (Disease Prevention and Hygiene)**
Winter brings higher risks of diseases such as foot-and-mouth, streptococcus, pox, dysentery, and E. coli. Vaccinate sheep before winter to protect against these illnesses. Deworming is also critical, as parasites like liver flukes may become active in the colder months. Common deworming medications include ivermectin, praziquantel, and others. Maintain clean and dry living conditions by regularly removing manure and properly composting it. Brush the sheep’s coat frequently to promote circulation and overall health. Regular inspections and hygiene practices are essential for preventing illness and ensuring the flock thrives through the winter.
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