At present, the key to maximizing the benefits of raising dairy cows and achieving good returns lies in a combination of quality breeding, proper nutrition, and effective management. Let's take a look at the financial breakdown of keeping a single dairy cow.
One major source of income comes from milk production. A high-quality dairy cow can produce around 25 kilograms of fresh milk per day. At a current market price of 1.9 yuan per kilogram, this translates to daily revenue of 47.5 yuan. With a lactation period lasting about 300 days a year, the annual milk income is approximately 14,250 yuan. In addition to milk, calves also contribute to the income. Assuming one calf is born every two years—half male and half female—the average annual income from calves is roughly 2,150 yuan. Combining both sources, the total annual income is about 16,400 yuan.
Now, let’s look at the expenses. The main cost is feed. A cow consumes 20 kg of high-quality silage daily, costing 4.8 yuan, and 8 kg of concentrate feed at 1.7 yuan per kg, totaling 13.6 yuan. That’s 18.4 yuan per day on feed, or 6,716 yuan annually. Other expenses include labor (365 yuan), depreciation (1,500 yuan), dry period costs (500 yuan), and disease prevention and breeding (100 yuan), bringing the total to 2,465 yuan. Combined, the total annual cost is 9,181 yuan.
So, the net profit from raising a dairy cow is 16,400 - 9,181 = 7,219 yuan. Even after accounting for loan interest and other additional costs (estimated at 2,000 yuan), the annual profit still reaches about 5,000 yuan, which is quite significant.
However, these profits depend on three essential factors. First, it's crucial to raise high-quality dairy cows. Only with strong genetics can you expect high milk yields and consistent performance. Second, proper feeding and nutrition are vital. A balanced diet ensures that cows remain healthy, produce better milk, and maintain higher productivity. Third, good management practices are necessary. This includes regular health checks, proper housing, and efficient milking routines to maximize output and minimize losses.
If any of these elements are neglected—poor-quality animals, inadequate feeding, or poor management—raising dairy cows may not be profitable. Therefore, farmers should understand that while dairy farming offers great economic potential and market opportunities, success requires careful planning, investment in quality cattle, proper nutrition, and solid management. Only then can they truly benefit from this promising agricultural activity.
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