In recent years, the price of mutton sheep has steadily increased, making sheep farming a profitable and attractive option for many rural households. Breeding efficiency has improved, and farmers are showing high enthusiasm for raising sheep. However, despite these positive developments, there are still several key areas that need improvement to ensure sustainable and healthy production. It is essential for farmers to pay attention to these details in order to maximize their yields and minimize risks.
Building an appropriate sheep house is one of the most important aspects of successful sheep farming. Many small-scale or free-range farmers construct simple and inadequate pens, which fail to provide proper insulation during winter and cooling in summer. Poor living conditions not only affect the comfort of the animals but also increase the risk of disease. A well-designed sheep house should be located in a dry, sunny, and wind-sheltered area with good drainage. In northern cold regions, a single-slope sheep house is suitable. These structures are typically 2.5 meters high at the front, 2 meters high at the back, and 6 to 7 meters deep, with the length adjusted based on the number of sheep. In warmer northern areas, a semi-sheltered design can be used, featuring a permanent roof on the rear and an arched plastic film roof on top. This allows for easy removal of the film in summer, turning it into a shaded shelter.
Another common issue is the lack of proper management through polyculture. Many farmers keep all their sheep together—regardless of age, sex, or health status—leading to overcrowding and poor productivity. It is recommended that farmers separate their flock into different groups and manage them accordingly. Each pen should have enough space for movement, resting, and feeding to promote better growth and reduce stress.
Feed availability is another critical factor. Many farmers rely solely on straw and grain during the winter, which often lacks sufficient nutrients. This results in slower growth and longer feeding cycles, reducing economic returns. To address this, farmers should consider cultivating dedicated fodder land and growing grasses like alfalfa, Mexican corn, and ryegrass. These can be used fresh in summer and autumn, and dried as hay or fermented as silage for winter use.
Lastly, many farmers neglect proper disinfection practices. Most do not maintain regular cleaning routines, and some even use lime as a substitute for proper disinfectants. This can lead to the spread of diseases. Farmers must prioritize hygiene by regularly cleaning and disinfecting the sheep house, feeding areas, water troughs, and tools. The process involves three steps: thorough cleaning, rinsing with water, and finally applying a disinfectant. Sheep houses should be disinfected at least once a month, and more frequently if an outbreak occurs. Using different types of disinfectants in rotation helps prevent resistance and ensures effective sanitation.
By addressing these issues, farmers can significantly improve the health, productivity, and profitability of their sheep farming operations.
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