Plant growth regulators are chemical substances that mimic the actions of natural plant hormones, influencing various physiological and developmental processes in plants. Commonly used substances in agriculture include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, as well as sulfur compounds, abscisic acid, and brassinolides. These agents play a crucial role in regulating growth, improving crop resilience, and enhancing yield and quality. They are widely applied across different crops such as field crops, vegetables, fruit trees, ornamental flowers, trees, seaweed, kelp, and edible fungi.
There are several application methods for plant growth regulators, each tailored to specific needs:
1. **Seed Treatment (Dressing)**: This method involves coating seeds with a mixture of fungicides, insecticides, or nutrients, often combined with plant growth regulators. The seeds are mixed with the solution until the surface is evenly coated, ensuring better germination and root development. For instance, using petroleum-based extenders can enhance seed germination and promote early root formation.
2. **Seed Coating**: Special seed coaters apply a thin film around the seeds, which not only improves germination but also provides protection against pests and enhances nutrient absorption.
3. **Soaking**: This technique is commonly used for cuttings, seeds, or fruits. For example, woody cuttings with leaves can be soaked in indole butyric acid (IBA) at concentrations of 5–10 ml/L for 12–24 hours before planting. A fast-drying method involves mixing naphthalene acetic acid with talcum powder and applying it to the base of cuttings. For fresh flowers, soaking them in dinitrophenol solution helps maintain freshness when stored at low temperatures (2–5°C).
4. **Spray Application**: Solutions are prepared at the required concentration and sprayed uniformly over the plant surfaces. To improve adhesion, small amounts of surfactants or emulsifiers like dish soap can be added. This ensures even coverage and effective absorption by the plant.
5. **Lanolin Application**: Lanolin-based preparations containing growth regulators are applied directly to wounds or cut surfaces. This method is especially useful for difficult-to-root plants. The process involves cutting the stem, applying the lanolin paste, covering it with moist moss, and wrapping it in plastic to maintain moisture, promoting root and shoot development.
6. **Soil Drenching**: Growth regulators are diluted in water and applied directly to the soil or mixed with fertilizers. For potted plants, the amount varies depending on pot size—typically 200–300 ml for a 9–12 cm container. Solutions like 0.1–0.3% succinic acid combined with CMC can help control stem elongation and encourage flowering.
These methods offer flexible and effective ways to manage plant growth, making plant growth regulators an essential tool in modern agriculture and horticulture.
Vitamins: Various trace organic substances essential for the nutrition of most animals and some plants, especially as coenzymes and coenzyme precursors, which play a role in regulating metabolic processes, but they do not provide energy or serve as building blocks. Vitamins are found in natural foods or are sometimes produced in the human body.
Vitamins are tiny molecules needed to keep the body functioning properly (vitamin B12 is the largest vitamin molecule, with a molecular weight of 1,355). In the article How sunburns and tans are formed, we learned that the body can make its own vitamin D, but usually the vitamin must be supplied through food.
Vitamins are tiny molecules needed to keep the body functioning properly (vitamin B12 is the largest vitamin molecule, with a molecular weight of 1,355). In the article How sunburns and tans are formed, we learned that the body can make its own vitamin D, but usually the vitamin must be supplied through food.
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