I. Variety Selection
To grow off-season scallions that are in high demand, it's essential to choose onion varieties that are cold-resistant, disease-resistant, and have good quality. Popular choices include Zhangqiu white onions and Chinese giant onions. These varieties are known for their resilience to various environmental stresses, making them ideal for extended growing seasons.
II. Cultivating Strong Seedlings
1. Nursery and Planting Schedule
The first crop should be sown in early June, transplanted in September, and ready for harvest the following March or April. The second crop is usually started in mid-September, with transplanting taking place from March to April, and harvesting beginning in August or September.
2. Selecting the Nursery Site
It’s important to choose a well-drained area that has not been used for leeks, garlic, or other allium crops for at least three years. The land should be flat, slightly elevated, and have long raised beds to prevent waterlogging during the rainy season.
3. Applying Base Fertilizer
Since young seedlings have shallow root systems, they require rich soil to thrive. Apply 5,000–6,000 kg of well-decomposed manure per acre before planting. Additionally, mix in 25 kg of a balanced compound fertilizer (N-P-K 15-15-15) to ensure strong growth.
4. Intensive Cultivation and Ridge Preparation
Before planting, apply poisoned bait to control underground pests. Mix 5 kg of fried wheat with 250 ml of phoxim and let it sit for 3 hours before spreading it over the field. After tilling, create ridges that are 1–1.2 meters wide, 20–23 cm wide, and 8–10 cm high. Apply the compound fertilizer before sowing and cover with fine soil.
5. Sowing Methods
Use 3–4 kg of seeds per acre. Two methods are available: either spread the seeds evenly on the surface and cover lightly, or remove a thin layer of topsoil before sowing. Water carefully after sowing to avoid washing away the seeds.
6. Seedling Care
During the early growth stages, perform weeding and maintain proper watering. Avoid overwatering to prevent yellowing of the seedlings. If necessary, apply urea at 7.5–10 kg per acre every 20 days. In case of rain, watch for diseases like downy mildew and take preventive measures.
III. Timely Planting
Summer-sown scallions are typically planted in mid-September, while autumn-sown ones go into the ground in March or April. Space plants 80 cm apart, with 1.5–2 cm between each. Before planting, inspect and treat seedlings with insecticides like edante or phoxim to eliminate pests. Plant at the right depth and apply root fertilizer with compost and compound fertilizer to promote healthy growth.
IV. Field Management
Once transplanted, scallions grow quickly, so proper irrigation and fertilization are crucial. Maintain soil moisture at around 70% of its saturation capacity. Loosen the soil when dry to improve aeration and root development. Regular hilling is needed to increase the length of the white part, aiming for 70–80 cm. During winter, add more soil to protect the plants and store nutrients for spring growth. Top-dress with urea (15–20 kg per acre) during peak growth to boost yield and quality.
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