Potassium is an essential nutrient for fruit trees, playing a crucial role in their growth and development. It enhances photosynthesis, supports the metabolism and synthesis of carbohydrates, and helps new shoots mature more efficiently. Additionally, potassium improves the tree's ability to withstand cold, drought, heat, and diseases. Beyond that, it promotes fruit enlargement, increases sugar content, enhances fruit coloration, and overall improves fruit quality. Because of its significant impact on fruit size and quality, farmers often refer to potassium as "fruit fat." As a vital nutrient, potassium acts as both a quality enhancer and a stress resistance booster. Therefore, applying potassium is a key agricultural practice that should not be overlooked. In fruit tree cultivation, common sources of potassium include potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, and potassium chloride. Plant ash is also a valuable natural source of potash. These fertilizers are widely used to ensure trees receive adequate potassium throughout the growing season. Years of practical experience have shown that Red Fuji apple trees require more potassium than nitrogen. The ideal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is generally 1:0.6:1.5. Studies on two-year-old Fuji branches revealed that the uptake rate of nitrogen fertilizer was around 38%, while that of potassium was only about 4%, indicating a much lower absorption rate. This reduction in nitrogen uptake led to a significant increase in both flowering and fruit-setting rates—over 25% in some cases. Moreover, the fruits were able to color 3 to 5 days earlier, resulting in larger, more uniform fruit and a marked decrease in rot disease incidence. To optimize potassium application for Red Fuji apple trees, it is recommended to apply approximately 1.8 kg of potassium fertilizer per 100 kg of fruit produced. The application should be divided into three stages: the first application, 15 days before flowering, should account for 20% of the annual requirement; the second application, after the new shoots stop growing, should be 40% of the annual amount; and the final application, 15 days before fruit coloring, should also be 40% of the annual demand. This balanced approach ensures that the trees receive the right amount of potassium at the right time, maximizing yield and fruit quality.

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