The general principle of pruning greenhouse nectarine trees before the warming season involves careful management of long shoots. The goal is to avoid shortening branches unnecessarily, ensuring that main branches are well-established and side branches are left in a balanced manner. For young saplings planted in the same year, it's recommended to select 10–15 branches per plant initially, and later adjust to 30–40 branches depending on the tree's development. The key is to ensure even distribution of branches, avoiding competition between them and maximizing light exposure.
When pruning, certain branches should be removed to improve overall tree health and productivity. First, branches with no flowers or poor flowering should be cut back, as they not only reduce fruit set but also block internal light and compete for nutrients and water. Second, diseased or pest-infested branches must be removed to minimize disease spread and improve fruit quality and yield. Third, dense branches should be pruned to allow better air circulation and light penetration, especially when leaving the result-bearing branches. Usually, stronger-growing branches are removed, while weaker ones are retained to balance growth.
Excessive branching at the top can negatively impact the tree in several ways: it causes severe shading, hinders the growth of lower branches, reduces fruit setting, and creates an imbalance in tree development. Overlapping or competing branches also reduce effective leaf area, lower fruiting rates, and lead to uneven growth. Fine, weak shoots at the base should also be removed to enhance ventilation and light access in the lower part of the tree.
During the thinning process, several key points should be considered. First, maintain a sparse upper canopy and a denser lower section to control growth balance and develop a more structured, spindle-shaped tree. Second, retain high-quality secondary branches with good flower buds to increase the fruiting area. Third, if the tree height is insufficient, select a straight branch from the top to act as the central leader, and use the middle section as the extension head. When the desired height is reached, remove the tip to encourage new shoot growth. Finally, after pruning, apply a fungicide such as 5° Baum’s lime sulfur, "9281" diluted 100–150 times, or Solibar 100–150 times to prevent bacterial infections.
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