When selecting a location for livestock and poultry farms, it's important to choose a site that is elevated, flat, dry, well-drained, and sheltered from strong winds. The area should have good ventilation, plenty of sunlight, and easy access to transportation and power supply. It should also be located away from pollution sources. In flat areas, the farm should be built slightly higher than the surrounding land, while in mountainous regions, it should be placed on a gentle, flat slope to ensure stability and ease of management.
Adequate and clean water supply is essential for any livestock or poultry operation. The drinking water must meet the standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture regarding "non-polluted food and poultry drinking water quality." Once the farm is operational, the water source should be tested twice a year, and the water system must be regularly cleaned and disinfected to maintain hygiene and prevent disease outbreaks.
To ensure a healthy environment, farms must be located far away from chemical plants, industrial zones, and mining areas. Large and medium-sized farms should be at least two kilometers away from residential areas, with the buildings situated downwind to avoid odor issues. The surrounding air should be clean, free from pollution, and the area should remain quiet without noise or light disturbances, which can stress the animals.
New farms or expansions cannot be built on existing old facilities. Additionally, no other structures such as breeding sites, processing plants, veterinary stations, or trading markets should be allowed near the livestock or poultry farms to avoid contamination and maintain a controlled environment.
Essential equipment for large and medium-sized farms includes barns, pens, flooring, bedding, cages, feeding and watering systems, ventilation units, lighting systems, environmental control devices, waste removal systems, and transport vehicles. All these components are crucial for maintaining efficiency and animal welfare.
The materials used for constructing livestock buildings must be non-toxic and safe. Walls, roofs, and ceilings should be made from durable, waterproof, windproof, and pest-resistant materials that are easy to clean and disinfect. The floor must be well-drained, hygienic, and comfortable for the animals, ensuring both safety and cleanliness.
Proper ventilation and lighting are critical in livestock housing. There should be enough windows to allow natural light and airflow, and mechanical ventilation systems such as exhaust fans should be installed to maintain air quality and reduce the risk of disease transmission.
Environmental protection facilities must comply with the "Pollutant Discharge Standards for Livestock and Poultry Industry" issued by the former State Environmental Protection Administration and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine. This includes proper treatment of manure and wastewater, as well as safe disposal of dead animals through incineration. All waste must be treated in an environmentally friendly manner. Excerpted from "The Basic Knowledge of Safe Production of Agricultural Products."
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