Corn is the main energy feed and accounts for a large proportion in the formulation, generally more than 60%. Therefore, the increase in corn prices has greatly increased feed costs. Can corn be partially replaced by wheat? The answer is yes. Partial replacement of corn by wheat does not affect the growth and production performance of livestock, but it is necessary to control the amount of substitution and add additional enzymes. We recommend the following recommendations for wheat replacement corn for your reference.
I. Comparison of the nutritional value of wheat and corn
(a) Energy
In terms of its own energy, the difference between corn and wheat is not great, but the energy digestibility of livestock and poultry on corn and wheat is different, but the difference is not great.
(b) Protein
Wheat has a higher protein content than corn (13.5% for wheat and 8.7% for corn) and can increase the protein level of the formula if it is replaced.
(iii) Other nutrients
The total phosphorus content of wheat is high (0.41% for wheat and 0.27% for corn). Wheat replaces corn to increase the total phosphorus level of the formula. In addition, the content of lutein in corn was significantly higher than that of wheat.
(d) Anti-nutritional factors
Non-starch polysaccharide content in corn is very low and can be used in large quantities in formulas. The content of non-starch polysaccharides in wheat is high, among which xylans are the main ones. Xylan is a component that constitutes the plant cell wall, and encapsulating the starch granules on the cell wall will hinder the digestion of starch by livestock. Non-starch polysaccharides produce viscosity in the gastrointestinal tract, affect the normal motility of the gastrointestinal tract, and can reduce the contact of digestive fluids and chyme, thereby affecting digestion and absorption. Non-starch polysaccharides can be used by post-intestinal microorganisms, causing the proliferation of microorganisms, resulting in problems such as diarrhea. The digestive tract of livestock and poultry cannot secrete endogenous xylanase. Therefore, exogenous compound enzyme preparations must be used to increase the pig's digestibility of wheat.
Second, the timing of replacing wheat with corn
According to the comparison of the main nutrient contents of wheat and corn, if wheat and corn have the same or similar prices, wheat has a price/performance advantage over corn. At this time, wheat can be used as a substitute for corn.
Third, the wheat alternative to corn
As wheat contains non-starch polysaccharides, it will affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients, so wheat must replace the corn must be targeted to add complex enzymes.
16.5% corn + 3.5% soybean meal = 20% wheat. According to the above ratio relationship, the nutrition level of the formula does not change much. In accordance with the above relationship, if the formula has 60% corn, 20% soybean meal, replace the corn with wheat formula, 43.5% corn, 16.5% soybean meal, 20% wheat.
Wheat can replace 30% to 70% of corn in nursery pigs, growing pigs, finishing pigs, and sow diets. Nursery pigs can replace 30% to 40%, growing pigs 40% to 50%, finishing pigs 60% to 70%.
Fourth, wheat substitute corn attention problem
(1) Since the enzyme complexes of different manufacturers differ greatly in the stability and effectiveness of the products, it is necessary to select products from well-known domestic manufacturers or foreign manufacturers. The composition of the complex enzyme is to select a complex enzyme containing mainly xylanase and containing a non-starch polysaccharide enzyme such as glucanase, pectinase, etc., and the amount added is in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction.
(ii) Replacement of wheat with corn should be preceded by a smaller proportion. If there is no diarrhea or deterioration of production performance, then increase wheat consumption gradually.
(c) The wheat must be crushed. It is advisable that one grain of wheat is crushed into 4 to 5 crumbs so that a higher digestibility can be obtained, a higher feed reward can be obtained, and a better feed flowability can also be achieved.
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