1 Botanical characteristics
Pumpkin annual herb, vinelike, with strong roots; translucent burrs, tendrils multi-decentralized, large leaves, dense green, palmately lobed, leafy hairy; dioecious, bright yellow or orange-yellow, Cylindrical; melon-shaped oblate, oblong, bell-shaped, pear-shaped, scoop-shaped, dish-shaped, etc., melon color is green, orange, yellow, etc., between stripes or stripes, the surface is smooth or ridged, raised The flesh is mostly yellow or dark yellow; the seeds are flat, oval, mostly white, light yellow or light brown.
Cultivation techniques
1 Planting period
Ornamental pumpkins generally adopt the method of substrate cultivation, including bag cultivation, trough cultivation and potted plants. In North China, spring and autumn are planted in spring and autumn. Spring plants are planted in February-March, autumn plants are planted in July-August, seedlings are transplanted, and spring is used for cold seedlings. The cultivation of open land in South China is planted in spring and autumn, and the greenhouse can be planted on the anniversary; the spring planting in open field is planted in January-February, and the planting in autumn is planted in July-August.
2 Nursery
The nutritious soil for nursery is prepared by using 6 peat soil, 3 parts of river sand, 1 part of perlite and 1 kg/m3 of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers as the nutrient soil. The 8cm 8 cm plastic seedling cups are used for nursery.
3 Cultivate strong seedlings
In the process of nursery, pay attention to maintain the appropriate temperature and soil moisture, general indoor temperature in the early spring to 25 °C is appropriate, nursery soil nursery cups can not be too wet or too dry, with 500 times the enemy can be 800 times or carbendazim Spray soil disinfection to prevent knock-out. Seedling seedlings grow weak or yellow leaves, can be 1 to 2 times 1% of the compound fertilizer solution. 4 to 5 true leaf stage colonization.
4 Colonization
Greenhouse cultivation method: Each time 667m2 is applied, 1,000kg chicken manure is composted, 30kg compound fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, the ground is to be leveled, the membrane is buckled 10 days before the planting, and high temperature stuffy shed is used to kill insects. Two-row colonization, plant spacing of about 50cm, generally about 1200/667m2. The pots can be cultivated in plastic or ceramic disks with a diameter of 25 to 35 cm and a height of 30 to 40 cm. The culture soil can be mixed with peat soil, river sand, and perlite in a ratio of 5:3:2. Add about 250 g of peanut bran or chicken manure as base fertilizer at the bottom. Colonization Choose sunny evenings, immerse in water for half a day before planting, set aside enough water after planting, and cover the shade net in summer.
5 Cultivation Management
5.1 Moisture Management After maintaining the seedlings to keep the soil moist, the growth period and flowering results require more water, and water supply must be ensured.
5.2 temperature management Shelf temperature control in 15 ~ 30 °C.
5.3 After 7 days of fertilizer management and planting, use 1% solution of compound fertilizer to soak the roots to promote new roots. After pumping ranch to flowering, pour 2% compound fertilizer solution once a week to make the plant grow robustly. During flowering and fruit setting, it is necessary to strengthen water and fertilizer, promote the reproduction and growth of plants and increase fruit setting. Generally after sitting 2 to 3 fruits, topped with decomposed peanut bran 150kg + compound fertilizer 20kg/667m2, to promote the growth of young melon and maintain vegetative growth and vigorous reproductive growth, the method is to use a hole or bar 25cm away from the base of the stem Shi, pay attention to not be too close to the base of the fertilization, otherwise it will cause burning root, pouring water after application. During the full fruit period and harvesting period, depending on the fruit setting and leaf color of the plant, fertilizer is applied once again, in the same way as the last time.
4.5.4 Persian pruning When the seedlings are 25 to 30 cm high, they should be inserted into the bamboo or hanging rope to lead it upward; pumpkins will grow more sideways when growing, but the main pumpkins are mainly ornamental pumpkins. Therefore, all the side vines below 1 m should be removed in time to avoid consumption of nutrients and affect the flowering results. After the main vines are placed on the scaffold, one to two side vines can be added to increase the results.
4.5.5 It is best to use artificial pollination after flowering artificial pollination. Normally pollination starts at 8:00 am every day. Male flowers that bloom on that day are selected to remove the corolla and the pollen of the stamen is applied to the stigma of the female stigma. If the pollination is too early, pollen is not scattered, too late. Pollination, pollen will lose water and reduce vitality, affecting the fruit setting rate.
4.5.6 Pest control Pests are susceptible to diseases such as powdery mildew, viral diseases, blight, aphids, and mites, and can be used to prevent and treat damping-off and epidemics at 1000 times. During the growth period, 800 times of the disease can be used to control 800 mg of carbendazim or 600 times of triadimefon to control powdery mildew, and 40% of Dimethoate can be used to control aphids with 800-1000 times or 1000 times the amount of antibacterial agents.螨 喷雾 23 spray prevention and treatment of fleas, with 20% of the virus A500 times to prevent viral diseases, spraying the leaves should be evenly sprayed on both sides to improve the control effect.
5 Harvesting
The ornamental pumpkin is mainly ornamental. If it is used for food, it can be harvested before the fruit is hardened about 20 days after the fruit is harvested. The method is to use a scissors to pick the stem, if it is used for viewing or as an artwork, Wait until the fruit is fully cooked and the peel hardens. If you are a calligraphy lover, you can engrave your favorite poems on the melon epidermis when they are tender, harvest it after being cooked, and appreciate the value of souvenirs.
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