1 Scope This regulation stipulates the environmental conditions, seedlings, food fish breeding, disease prevention, management, fishing, transportation, storage and fixed-point sales of non-polluted aquatic products.
This regulation is applicable to the cultivation of grass carp, which is pollution-free aquatic products in the Laiyuan area, and other varieties and paddy field cultivation can be implemented by reference.
2 Normative references The following standard neutral clauses are incorporated into this statute by reference to this regulation. For dated reference documents, all subsequent amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this procedure. However, all parties that have reached an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. . For undated references, the latest version is applicable to this standard.
GB 11607 Fishery Water Quality Standard
GB/T 18407 Agricultural product safety and quality Environmental requirements for the production environment of pollution-free aquatic products
NY 5051 Non-polluted Food Freshwater Aquaculture Water Quality
NY 5071 Guidelines for the Use of Non-Hazardous Food and Fishery Drugs
NY5072 Non-polluted food and fishery compound feed safety limit
NY5073 Harmless and Harmful Substances in Aquatic Products
NY5053-2001 pollution-free food straw
NY/T5281--2004 Pollution-Free Food Salmon Culture Technical Specifications
NT/T5293--2004 Non-pollution Food Squid Breeding Technical Specifications
NY/T5279--2004 Technical Specifications for Pollution-free Foodstuff Bream Clam Breeding "Safety Quality Management Regulations for Aquaculture" Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (2003) No. [31]
3 The production technology of pollution-free aquatic products The production technology of pollution-free aquatic products should cover the entire aquatic product production process, including the pre-production, production, post-production and other links of aquatic products, and it is an organic whole. The main technologies and requirements include the following three parts: 3.1 Product Origin Ecological Environment
3.1.1 The aquaculture water comes from the Bibi Lake and the Miyu River water system, without pollution. The water quality reaches the second category and meets the standard of “No-pollution Food Freshwater Aquaculture Water Quality†(NY5051-2001).
3.1.2 There are no sources of pollution such as industry, agriculture, household waste, and medical waste in the area of ​​the breeding area. Water, soil, and gas are in compliance with the “Environmental Requirements for the Production Environment of Agricultural Products for Safety and Quality of Pollution-free Aquatic Products†(GB/T18407).
3.2 Perfect facilities
3.2.1 The intensification of the pool dam is mainly the consolidation of the pool dam, the removal of silt in the pond, the formation of the bottom of the pond, and the disinfection of the pond.
3.2.2 The improvement of the intake and drainage facilities of the Chiba Pond is mainly the smooth and convenient access to the drainage channels. Domestic sewage is strictly prohibited from entering the pond. The drainage system should do scientific, convenient and effective discharge of aquaculture production water.
3.2.3 The improvement of production facilities is mainly mechanical equipment such as aerators, pumps, and bait feeders, which are beneficial to raising aquaculture production and improving economic efficiency. 3.3 Water Quality Management Measures During the pollution-free aquaculture process, the control and management of water quality is extremely important. It plays a key role in the safety of aquaculture production and the quality of aquatic products.
3.3.1 Physical Methods
3.3.1.1 Changing the water frequently and changing water frequently: The amount of poisonous and harmful substances in ponds will be reduced to the lowest point. According to changes in water quality, water is injected on a regular basis for ten days or a half months to supplement evaporation consumption, dilute pool water, and maintain a certain water level.
The water exchange capacity cannot exceed 1/3.
3.3.1 .2 Mechanical aeration: The agitation of the aerator can make the pool water pass through the effects of oxygen, water and aeration to achieve the purpose of degrading the concentration of toxic and harmful substances. It is required to open at noon on a sunny day, open early in the morning on cloudy days, open in the middle of a rainy night, and not open in the evening. The main growth season of fish adheres to the principle of opening at noon every day at noon. The operating time can be taken as follows: long boot time in the middle of the night and short boot time at noon.
3.3.2 Chemical Methods
3.3.2.1 Chemical Oxygen Auxiliaries: The use of non-toxic, non-residue oxygenating agents and sediment modifiers can rapidly and effectively degrade the toxic and harmful substances in water and reduce the toxic and harmful substances in the culture water and reduce it. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) species in aquaculture water can use calcium peroxide (CaO2) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
3.3.2 .2 Flocculating and sucking agents: It can effectively suck and flocculate all kinds of suspended particles and biological bacteria in the aquaculture water, increase the transparency of the water, and keep the water fresh. Zeolite powder, activated carbon, diatomaceous earth and the like can be used.
3.3.3 Biological methods
3.3.3 .1 Microbiological preparations: The use of microecological principles in aquaculture waters to supplement beneficial microbial communities, control the growth of harmful biological communities, and at the same time accelerate the decomposition of harmful substances in water bodies and reduce the concentration of harmful substances. Photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus, EM can be used.
3.3.3.2 Planting aquatic plants: Using the principles of ecology, proper planting of aquatic plants in aquaculture water bodies can effectively absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies and maintain the freshness of aquaculture water bodies.
3.3.4 Other methods In addition to the above legislation for regulating and controlling water quality, lime and salt must be splashed in a timely manner in accordance with the changes in the pH of the water body. The application dose is determined according to the specific circumstances and cannot be stereotyped.
3.4 Quality requirements and stocking mode of fish species in pollution-free aquaculture
3.4.1 The quality of fingerlings requires pollution-free aquaculture. The selection of fish fingerlings should be based on varieties with high production, high efficiency, stable genetic traits, rapid growth, and strong disease resistance. The fish fry produced is strictly prohibited from introducing fry from high-risk areas.
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is of the order Acrididae, Polygonaceae. Originated in the Yangtze River, Pearl River, Yunnan introduced in 1955. It is a typical herbivorous fish that is the main cultured fish in the province, and is happy to live in the middle and upper layers of water bodies. Also eat with compound feed, fast growth, but more disease. General support, part of polyculture.
The fish (Hypophthalmichthys molitix) belongs to the order Acrididae and Polygonaceae. During the fry period, zooplankton is used as food, and then phytoplankton is the main food. It is a large-sized freshwater fish and has strong disease resistance. It is the finest fish species with the highest yield in pond and reservoir breeding.
The fish (Aristichthus nobilis) is of the order Acrididae and Polygonaceae. Lifelong staple foods are zooplankton, which are characterized by less pelagic fish diseases, mild nature, and easy fishing. It also breeds the highest yielding fine fishes for ponds and ponds.
The carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus) is of the order Acridoides, Polygonidae. More varieties. Dietary heterosexual animal food, strong disease resistance. Resistant to hypoxia, grows fast and raises objects for ponds.
The carassius (Carassius auratus) belongs to the order Acrididae and Polygonaceae. Wide distribution, many varieties. Edible heterodox plant foods, strong disease resistance. Resistant to hypoxia, grows fast and raises objects for ponds.
Megalobrama amblycephala Yih is a pupa-shaped maggot. The body is tall, flat and long rhombic. Juveniles feed on Cladocera and other small crustaceans, and adult fish eat higher aquatic plants. Individuals with large meat are delicate and valuable fish species.
3.4.1 .1 Fish species quality Appearance: normal body shape, complete fins and scales, smooth body surface, robust physique, active swimming.
Countable indicators: malformation rate and damage rate is less than 1%; specifications are neat.
3.4.1 .2 Fish species should be disinfected prior to stocking and disinfection. Common methods for disinfection include:
- 1% salt plus 1% baking soda solution or 3% saline solution, bath 5-8min;
- 20mg/L-30mg/L povidone iodine (containing 1% of available iodine), bath for 10 - 20 min;
- 5mg/I - 10mg / L potassium permanganate, bath 5 - 10 min;
One of the three can be used, while removing sick or disabled fish. The temperature difference between water temperature during operation should be controlled within 3°C.
Common water disinfection drugs and methods
Drug name
Usage and dosage mg/L
Drug withdrawal period d
Note
Calcium oxide (limestone)
Quanchiposa: 20~25
Cannot be mixed with bleach or organic chlorine
Bleach (effective chlorine 25%)
Quanchiposa: 1.0~1.5
≥5
1 Do not use metal containers 2 Do not mix with acid and ammonium lime
Sodium dichlorocyanurate
Quanchiposa: 0.3~0.6
≥10
Do not hold metal containers
Trichloroisouric acid
Quanchiposa: 0.2~0.5
≥10
Do not hold metal containers
carbon dioxide
Quanchiposa: 0.1~0.2
≥10
1 Use metal containers 2 Do not mix with other disinfectants
Dibromohydantoin
Quanchiposa: 0.2~0.3
Povidone iodine (effective 1% iodine)
Quanchiposa: 1.0~2.0
1 Use metal containers 2 directly mixed with quaternary ammonium salts
Common fish diseases and their drug treatment
Fish disease name
The main symptoms
treatment method
Drug withdrawal period /d
Precautions
Bacterial sepsis
Diseased fish anorexia, food, immobile or paroxysmal wild swims in the water; upper and lower jaw, mouth, lid, eyes, fin base and skin congestion, bleeding, eyeballs protruding, hemorrhoids swollen, abdominal enlargement, cut open visible Ascites, liver, spleen, kidney enlargement, mesentery, intestinal wall bleeding, bleeding.
1 Quanchiposa 0.3-0.5mg/L dioxo once daily for 3~6d 2 Oral sulfamethoxazole per kg body weight (using 4:1 with trimethoprim) 50 mg once daily (doubled for the first time) For 4 to 6 days, vitamin K5~8 mg/kg body weight was given.
Chlorine dioxide ≥10, Sulfamonomethoxine ≥30
Chlorine dioxide is contained in metal containers. Do not mix with other disinfectants.
Rot disease
The diseased fish is dark in color, anorexia, red and swollen rot or rot, and defects, and there is more mucus adhesion and white growth on the surface of the lice.
1 Quanchiposa chlorine preparations, usage and dosage according to the provisions of NY5071; 2 per kilogram of body weight oral oxytetracycline 50 ~ 100 mg once a day, once every 4 ~ 6d.
Oxytetracycline ≥30
Do not use oxytetracycline with aluminum, magnesium ions, halogens, sodium bicarbonate, gels
Aquatic mildew
The lesions were not obvious at the initial stage, and after a few days, the cotton-like hyphae grew up on the lesion site and rapidly spread and spread on the body surface to form visible white hairs.
Salt water 1 to 3% bath 20 min or 400 mg/L salt plus 400 mg/L baking soda long-term bath.
Vertical scale disease
The diseased fish has a rough surface and the scales spread outwards, and the translucent or bloody exudates accumulate in the sac.
External salt 3% plus baking soda 3% bath 10 ~ 15min, oral oxytetracycline 50 mg per kilogram of body weight, once every 4 to 6 days.
Small melon worm
The diseased fish had white punctate cysts on the body surface and fins; the anemia was white, mucous, and white cysts were identified, and part of the filaments rotted at the end.
1. Bath with salt 10 ~ 30g / L bath 5 ~ 10min
2. 0. 4 mg/L dried chili powder and 0.15mg/L ginger slices are mixed and boiled, followed by boiling.
Red skin disease
Scales fall off, surface bleeding and inflammation, accompanied by fin base hyperemia, fin rot
1 Quanchiposa dibromohydantoin 0.2~0.3mg/L once a day for 3~4 days. 2 oral sulfadiazine per kilogram of body weight (with trimethoprim in a ratio of 4:1) 50 - 100 mg once daily (doubly for the first time) for 4 to 5 days with oral administration of 2 to 4 mg of vitamin B1 per kilogram of body weight. Once a day.
Sulfadiazine ≥20
3.4.2 Stocking patterns of fingerlings The reasonable stocking densities should be determined based on the food characteristics of the conventional farmed species and the conditions of each farmer. Mainly promote the 80:20 mode of modern farming mode, in which eating fish accounted for 80, filter-feeding fish accounted for 20, in 80, the main fish accounted for 70-80%, and the specifications are neat and consistent.
3.4.3 Feed
3.4.3 .1 Green feed: It is necessary to choose a green feed that has good palatability, high nutritional value, and easy digestion, and does not use polluted green feed for ponds.
3.4.3.2 Compound Feed: The compound feed should comply with the provisions of NY5072 and SC/T1026; feed ingredients should meet the corresponding quality and safety standards. It is forbidden for small manufacturers, small businesses and feeds without registered trademarks to enter the pollution-free aquaculture area in our county.
3.4.4 Feeding amount According to the weather, water temperature and fish feeding conditions, the amount of feeding and the number of feedings should be properly adjusted. When the water temperature is lower than 18°C, the daily feed is 1%~3% of the fish's body weight and it is fed twice a day; when the water temperature is above 18°C, the daily feed is 3%~5% of the fish's body weight, and the daily feed is 3 to 5 times.
3.4.5 Feeding method The speed of feeding the feed should be determined according to the feeding status of the fish. If the feeding is intense, the feeding area should be increased and the speed should be increased. According to the rhythm of “slow, fast, slow,†each shot Feed 30~40min.
3.4.6 Daily Management
3.4.6 .1 After the patrol ponds have been placed, they will visit the pool once a day in the morning and evening to observe changes in water quality, fish activity and feeding conditions, adjust the amount of feed to be fed in a timely manner, remove impurities from the pool, keep the pool clean and sanitary, and find dead fish. Diseased fish. Collect and bury in time, fill in the production records according to the requirements in Annex 1 of the Regulations on Quality and Safety of Aquaculture.
3.4.6 .2 Water quality management The new water is added to adjust the water level depending on the season and the water temperature. It is usually once every half month and once a week in the high temperature season, each time adding 15cm to 30cm of water. Open the aerator for 1h~2h in the hot season.
3.4.7 Disease prevention Adhere to the principle of prevention, prevention and control. The general measures are:
- Operate carefully to avoid fish injuries;
- Sterilize or expose the production tool before or after use.
After the drug is used, the “Aquaculture Drug Record†should be filled in (for the format, see Appendix 3 of the “Safety Regulations for Aquaculture Managementâ€).
3.4.8 Use of Fertilizers
3.4.8 .1 Organic Fertilizer: The main types of organic fertilizers used in aquaculture include compost, manure, manure, green manure, biogas manure and fermented manure, but they must be fermented, rotted, disinfected and sterilized before they can be used. Use untreated or incomplete organic fertilizer into the pond.
3.4.8 .2 Inorganic Fertilizers: The inorganic fertilizers used in aquaculture mainly contain nitrogen and phosphorus. According to the characteristics of modern farming and the requirements of pollution-free aquaculture, the application of inorganic fertilizer is only for regulating the use of water quality, and its variety and dosage should be determined according to the specific circumstances.
4 Fishing According to the growth of the fish and the characteristics of the market, the use of trapping techniques for trapping nets, timely and balanced listing, to meet the market demand, and obtain the greatest economic benefits. Non-polluted aquatic products are harvested by taking water and carrying out temporary maintenance exercises to ensure the quality of aquatic product transportation.
5 Sensory requirements of fresh fish Appearance: smooth surface without lesions, scales intact, easy to fall off, clear silk, no mucus or a small amount of transparent mucus, bright and full of eyeballs, slightly prominent, transparent cornea.
Color: maintain the natural body color in vivo.
Odor: No odor.
Organization: The muscles are tight and elastic, and the internal organs are clear and definable without decay.
Freshness: living or just died soon.
6 Safety and health indicators
6.1 The limits of mercury, methylmercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobiphenyl, and DDT in fish shall be in accordance with the provisions of NY5073.
6.2 The limits of oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, furazolidone, sulfonamides, diethylstilbestrol should comply with NY5073.
6.3 Volatile base nitrogen should be less than or equal to 15mg/100g.
7 Transporting live fish transport It is advisable to use a live fish transporter or other transport equipment with oxygenated devices. The quality of the water used to ship live fish should comply with NY 5051.
Fresh fish transportation should adopt measures for keeping warm and fresh, and the temperature of chilled fish and fish products should always be maintained at 0 -5°C. The transportation tools should be cleaned and disinfected prior to loading the fish products, so as to be clean, non-toxic and odor-free, and to prevent transportation pollution.
8. Storage of live fish can be oxygenated and maintained in clean, non-toxic, odor-free cement pools, aquariums and other water bodies. Temporary water conservation should comply with NY 5051.
Fresh fish storage environment should be clean, non-toxic, no odor, no pollution, in line with health requirements, and drainage facilities should be stored and transported light and easy to transport, avoid extrusion and collision, and can not be removed.
9 Targeted sales of commercial fish produced by pollution-free bases are subject to fixed-point sales, and listings are expressly stated. The contents include: name of commodity fish, place of production, name of farmers, time of fishing, number of fish in batches, etc., allowing consumers to purchase convenience and enjoy food. .
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