The jujube tree has a long flowering period, with a large number of flowers that require significant nutrients. At this time, the formation of flower buds and the development of fruiting branches occur simultaneously, leading to intense competition for nutrients. Therefore, effective management during the flowering stage—such as providing adequate nutrition and balancing vegetative growth with reproductive growth—is crucial for ensuring high yields and stable production.
To achieve this, several key practices should be followed:
First, apply topdressing during late May. This typically involves using nitrogen-rich fertilizers along with some phosphate. For each tree, about 0.5 kg of urea and 0.5 kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are recommended. After applying the fertilizer, water the area thoroughly and loosen the soil to improve absorption and root health.
Second, open armor (a technique used to stimulate fruiting) is generally done during the flowering period, around mid-June, when about 30% to 50% of the buds have opened. For young trees, it’s recommended to make an opening on the trunk, about 20–30 cm above the ground. Each year, the opening should be moved outward by 5–10 cm. When reaching the first main branch, repeat the process. The width of the opening should be between 0.3 to 0.6 cm, with wider openings for stronger trees and narrower ones for weaker ones. If the weather is cloudy or rainy, the width can be increased slightly, but not more than 1 cm. After making the opening, it's important to protect it from pests. A 100–200-fold solution of insecticides like Levospen should be applied every week or so. To help the wound heal, cover it with mud, which also helps prevent insects and keeps the area moist.
Third, topping new shoots on jujube branches between mid-May and late June is essential. Avoid allowing new branches to grow on the first or second level; instead, pinch back the tips to control growth and reduce nutrient consumption, which improves fruit set. On mature trees, the main head usually develops 2–6 secondary branches, and each should be topped at the right time. The degree of topping depends on the tree's vigor and available space. Weak branches may need more aggressive pinching, while strong branches should be lightly pruned. During this time, remove any unwanted shoots from the base and eliminate dense, non-productive branches to save nutrients and improve air circulation.
Fourth, spraying is an important practice during flowering. First, foliar feeding with a mix of 0.3% urea, 0.1–0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.2–0.3% borax should be done two to three times, spaced about half a month apart. Spray in the early morning or evening, ensuring the foliage is wet. If it rains, reapply after the rain. Second, water sprays help maintain humidity and support pollination. Spray water evenly during full bloom, ideally in the evening, until the leaves are damp. The frequency depends on drought levels—usually once every 3–5 days, and up to 3–5 times in severe droughts. Third, plant growth regulators like gibberellin (15–20 mg/l), naphthalene acetic acid, or 2,4-D can be sprayed during the early flowering stage to reduce fruit drop. Young fruits can be treated with 30–60 mg/l of Tiaoacetic acid or 30 mg/l of 2,4-D twice, with a 20-day interval.
Fifth, disease and pest control is critical during flowering. Common pests include green-lipped stink bugs, nail beetles, red spiders, peach borerworms, jujube rifles, and date rust. Spider mites are best controlled before or after wheat harvest, using solutions like 1% zinc sulfate or 15% broom oil. In mid-May and mid-June, spray 20% cypermethrin or 20% chlorpyrifos to manage the second generation of green-lipped stink bugs. Hanging black light traps can also help capture adult pests. Peach-sucking moths can be managed by setting traps and using pheromone lures. In July and August, spray fungicides like Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim to prevent date rust and other fruit diseases.
Lastly, place bee hives within 300 meters of the orchard. During the beekeeping period, avoid using pesticides like penicillin or pyrethroids that could harm bees.
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