Dongfeng snail, scientifically known as *Eupleura orientalis*, is also referred to as the small wind snail, sea snail, or simply snail. It belongs to the class Gastropoda, subclass Neogastropoda, and family Buccinidae. This species primarily feeds on fish, shrimp, and other shellfish, and thrives in sandy or muddy substrates, as well as in crevices between stones. Typically, they remain hidden in the sand layer and emerge to feed. Due to its high food intake, fast growth rate, wide adaptability, and strong disease resistance, Dongfeng snails have a high survival rate, making them ideal for aquaculture in coastal areas of Hainan Province.
The following is an introduction to the factory farming technology for Dongfeng snails:
First, the breeding base should be established in non-polluted seawater areas with a salinity of at least 1.016 throughout the year, preferably above 1.020. The water should be clear, with good flow and favorable conditions for water circulation, temperature, and humidity.
The aquaculture pools are designed to be 6m x 3m x 1m. Each end of the pool has water inlet and aeration pipes. Two polyethylene ropes are stretched across the pool to provide fixed aeration. A total of 9 to 12 aeration tubes are placed at the bottom, each 1.5 to 2.0 meters long. The pool floor is sloped toward the outlet. The base structure includes wooden planks (about 6cm thick) laid 20cm from the bottom, followed by a sieve with 80-100 mesh. The area is then disinfected with potassium permanganate, and a 6-8 cm layer of sand is added. Shading is provided using a metal frame 3 meters above ground, covered with shade netting. The surrounding area is also covered with shading nets, and the top is sealed properly.
For seed stocking: First, the pond is rinsed with high-pressure water, then disinfected with potassium permanganate, and washed twice with seawater. After filtering through a fine sand layer, the pond is filled with 50-80 cm of seawater, with a specific gravity of 1.018-1.022, a temperature of 25-30°C, and pH 8.1-8.5. Seedlings should be self-bred, smooth, clear, free of debris, soft, and plump, with shell lengths between 0.6-1 cm. Stocking density is typically 11,000 to 16,000 per pond, averaging 700-1,000 per square meter.
During cultivation management, the seedlings may climb the walls in the first few days due to environmental stress, especially in high temperatures. Regular patrols are necessary to return any climbing snails back into the water. On the second day after stocking, small fish pieces are introduced, sized according to the snails’ size. Common fish used include light fish, tilapia, and small trash fish. Feeding is done 1-2 times daily, with 7-10% of their body weight as feed. Water flow should be 3-5 times the volume of the pond daily, increasing during hot periods. Daily cleaning of uneaten bait and water changes every 3-4 days are required, along with sand flushing and replacement every 40-50 days. Microbial agents are continuously added to maintain dissolved oxygen levels above 3 mg/L and pH between 7.5-8.5.
For disease prevention, photosynthetic bacteria are regularly used, sand is changed periodically, and leftover food is removed. Antibiotics such as norfloxacin (0.55 mg/L), virus Ling (0.55 mg/L), and banyan (0.3 mg/L) are alternated every two weeks.
Harvesting occurs after about 5 months, when snails reach sizes of 120-200/kg. Market prices are currently around 68 yuan per 500 grams.
In terms of economic efficiency, each pond stocked with 15,000 seedlings can yield 110 kg, with approximately 14,400 units harvested. Survival rate is 96%, yielding 14,960 yuan. With farming costs at 70 yuan/kg, net profit reaches 7,260 yuan, or 403 yuan per square meter.
In summary, Dongfeng snails offer rapid growth, high yield, and adaptability, suitable for both indoor and outdoor cement pools, sea farms, and traditional shrimp ponds. The climate in Hainan supports two-year cultivation cycles, making it a promising aquaculture species. Due to disease risks in white prawn farming, many farmers have shifted to Dongfeng snail culture, with mature techniques now in place.
The sand layer plays a key role in providing a stable environment and improving water quality. The thickness should cover the snail height, but not too deep to avoid excessive cleaning costs. As snails grow, the sand depth should increase accordingly.
Experiments show that Dongfeng snails prefer crab meat, tilapia, shrimp, and small fish. Given local feed availability, tilapia and small fish are more cost-effective. However, challenges remain, including high market prices and limited supply of small fish, which increases costs and affects development. Further research on artificial compound feed is essential to reduce costs and promote sustainable aquaculture. If these issues are resolved, Dongfeng snail farming could become a new bright spot in coastal regions of Hainan.
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