The environmental temperature of a pig house, along with the temperature of feed and drinking water, plays a crucial role in the growth and health of pigs. Proper temperature management is essential for ensuring optimal conditions that support rapid growth, efficient weight gain, and overall productivity. Maintaining an appropriate environment not only enhances the well-being of the animals but also improves economic returns for farmers. When external temperatures drop below optimal levels, pigs must work harder to maintain their body temperature. This involves increasing metabolic activity to generate more heat, which can lead to higher energy consumption. For piglets, the ideal environmental temperature ranges between 20°C and 26°C, as this minimizes metabolic stress and supports healthy development. For adult pigs, the optimal range is slightly lower, around 15°C to 20°C, where their metabolism remains stable, and they can efficiently manage their body heat. To achieve these conditions, it's important to properly insulate the pig house—using materials like plastic film on the roof or walls—to retain warmth and reduce energy expenditure. In addition to ambient temperature, the temperature of feed and water is equally important, especially during colder months. A nursing sow requires about 17.5 to 22.5 kilograms of feed and water daily. If the water and feed are at 0°C, the pig must expend significant energy to warm them up to body temperature (around 39°C), which can be equivalent to consuming 0.5 to 0.75 kilograms of concentrate just to maintain its core temperature. This energy could otherwise be used for lactation, growth, or weight gain. Therefore, providing warm feed and water in winter helps reduce energy waste, improve feed efficiency, and support better performance in pigs. By paying attention to both environmental and feeding temperatures, farmers can create a more comfortable and productive living space for their pigs, ultimately leading to healthier animals and better profitability. (Zhao Shuang Ling)

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