Crop straws and leaves can be effectively used as pig feed, offering a nutritious and cost-effective alternative to traditional feed. These by-products not only provide essential nutrients but also help reduce feeding costs while being highly palatable to pigs. Here are some crop residues that can be used for pig feeding:
1. Sweet Potato Vines: After harvesting sweet potatoes, a large amount of vines remain. These can be dried in the sun, then crushed using a pulverizer and treated with saccharification to enhance their nutritional value. The process involves placing the crushed vine powder into a clean container, adding hot water (80–90°C) at a ratio of 2–2.5 times the weight of the powder, mixing it into a thick paste, covering it, and maintaining a temperature between 55–60°C for about four hours. Once fermented, the mixture turns yellow and sweet, making it an excellent feed for pigs.
2. Soybean Leaves: Rich in crude protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus, soybean leaves are a great source of nutrition when protein feed is scarce. They can be fed fresh, ensiled, or crushed before being mixed into pig diets.
3. Pine Needle Powder: Pine needles are packed with essential nutrients, including 18 amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and carotene. Adding 5–8% pine needle powder to pig feed can improve growth rates, boost immunity, and increase profitability. The powder is made by collecting, drying, crushing, and sieving pine needles.
4. Corn Stalks: These cannot be directly fed to pigs. Instead, they should be processed using a special feed starter like Goldbeat Type II. The process involves chopping the stalks into 3–5 cm pieces, mixing them with a starter solution (1:10 ratio with rice bran or corn flour), adjusting moisture to around 60%, and fermenting for 3–5 days.
5. Sunflower Discs: These contain fructose, which enhances pig appetite. After sun-drying, they are manually torn into small pieces and ground into flour. High in calcium and fructose, sunflower disc flour is ideal for feeding piglets and sows, promoting healthy growth.
For more information, visit the official website or contact the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Address: No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081. Phone: 81428238.
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