The fruit-rich hybrid hazelnut is a cross-species interspecific cross hybrid obtained from the study of the economic forest in Liaoning Province. Ping Haw is a female parent and a European hazel parent. It has the characteristics of large fruit size, high yield, strong cold resistance, etc.; It weighs 2~3g, and the average fruit tree (666.7 square meters) yields 100~200kg fruit in the fruit period. It can be safely grown in winter in the production and cultivation of Shenyang in the north latitude 42. The five cold-tolerant hybrid hazelnut new varieties were identified and named by experts organized by the Science and Technology Department of Liaoning Province in 1999 and quickly promoted in Liaoning Province. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, etc. Introduce the planting test. The new cold-resistant hazelnut varieties and cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:
1 main characters
1.1 Dawei is a strong tree with a semi-open tree posture and stands upright. The 7-year-old tree is 2.78 meters high with an average crown diameter of 2.45 meters. The nuts are oval and red-brown with an average weight of 2.5g and the thickness of the shell is 1.54mm. The nuts are full, smooth, and have a 44% output rate. High yield, average plant yield per plant of 7-8 years is 1.6kg. Nuts mature in late August in Shenyang.
1.2 The thin-shelled red tree is strong, with a tree-like opening and a large canopy. The 8-year-old tree is 2.07 meters high and the crown diameter is 2.28 meters. The nuts are oval and reddish-brown with an average fruit weight of 2.18. The shells are thin, and the nuts are full, smooth and clean. The flavor is good. The rate of the kernels is 45.9%. High-yield, 8-year-old tree produces 1.85kg of fruit and 137kg per mu. Nuts mature in late August in Shenyang.
1.3 Golden Bell has a moderate tree vigor, stands upright and has a large tree crown. The 8-year-old tree is 2.13m tall and its crown diameter is 1.63m. The nuts are round and golden in color, with an average fruit weight of 2.2g and a shell thickness of 1.38mm. The nuts are full, smooth, and the kernel rate is 40%. More productive, 7-8 years old tree production fruit 1.1kg. Nuts mature in Shenyang in late August.
1.4 The jade pendant has a strong tree vigor. The tree stands upright and has a large crown. The 8-year-old tree has a height of 2.51 meters and a crown diameter of 2.10 meters. The nuts are round and dark red with an average fruit weight of 2.0 g and a shell thickness of 1.15 mm. The nuts are full, smooth and clean, with good flavor, and the quality is 43%. More productive, 7-8 years old trees producing fruit 1.0kg. Nuts mature in Shenyang in late August.
1.5 Flat-topped yellow trees are medium-sized, tree-opened, and large in tree crowns; 8-year-old trees are 2.18 meters tall and their crown diameter is 2.15 meters. Nuts are oblate, yellow-brown, with an average fruit weight of 2.4g, kernel weight of 18, and kernel rate of 41%. The nuts are full, smooth, and have good flavor. High-yield, 8-year-old trees produce 1.6kg of fruit and produce 118kg per mu.
2 Cultivation Techniques
2.1 The hybrid fruit hazelnuts with strong adaptability in the garden are able to grow normally on a variety of soils, but loam and sandy loam are preferred. When constructing the garden, choose flat land or gentle slope land and land with irrigation conditions, and select 3 to 4 varieties to be pollinating trees each other. The plant spacing is 2.53m or 33m. Hazelnuts are shallow rooted trees, and the depth of planting is preferably 6 to 10 cm above the root.
2.2 Fertilizer management Whether it is a sapling garden or a result tree garden, basal fertilizer and topdressing should be applied. In early September, organic fertilizer was used as a base fertilizer: 2 to 3 years old trees, 10 kg per plant; 4 to 5 years old trees 30 kg per plant; 6 years above 50 kg per plant; later more appropriate as tree age and yield increase. Top dressing: The top dressing is topped with nitrogen fertilizer for 3 years before planting. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 2:1∶1, and the strain is applied to 100g; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 2:1:2 after 3 years of age. According to the output, The annual application rate per plant increased from 200g to 500g. Top dressing is applied in two applications, the first in late May to early June, and the second in early July to mid-July.
2.3 Pruning Trimming currently uses single-stem-shaped trees in production. After planting, dry and set the dry height 60-70cm. In the main trunk, 3 to 4 main branches with uniform distribution were selected. The main branch was selected for leaving lateral branches, and the lateral branch had secondary branches and resultant mother branches. The saplings and the initial fruit trees were mainly composed of enlarged tree crowns, which were mainly light and short cuts on the extension branches of the main and lateral branches, and the branchlets of the internal organs were not trimmed. For the full-fruit tree, in addition to lightly cutting the main branches of the extension, but also cut off the thin and weak branches of internal warts and pests and branches.
2.4 Pest Control Hazelnuts have fewer pests and diseases, mainly powdery mildew, and insect pests are mainly aphids and leaf-feeding pests such as chafers. Every year in late May and early June, spraying Triadimefon 500 times liquid powder to control powdery mildew. During the occurrence of locusts, spraying 1000 times liquid fleas, the scarab leaf insects mainly kill by hand.
1 main characters
1.1 Dawei is a strong tree with a semi-open tree posture and stands upright. The 7-year-old tree is 2.78 meters high with an average crown diameter of 2.45 meters. The nuts are oval and red-brown with an average weight of 2.5g and the thickness of the shell is 1.54mm. The nuts are full, smooth, and have a 44% output rate. High yield, average plant yield per plant of 7-8 years is 1.6kg. Nuts mature in late August in Shenyang.
1.2 The thin-shelled red tree is strong, with a tree-like opening and a large canopy. The 8-year-old tree is 2.07 meters high and the crown diameter is 2.28 meters. The nuts are oval and reddish-brown with an average fruit weight of 2.18. The shells are thin, and the nuts are full, smooth and clean. The flavor is good. The rate of the kernels is 45.9%. High-yield, 8-year-old tree produces 1.85kg of fruit and 137kg per mu. Nuts mature in late August in Shenyang.
1.3 Golden Bell has a moderate tree vigor, stands upright and has a large tree crown. The 8-year-old tree is 2.13m tall and its crown diameter is 1.63m. The nuts are round and golden in color, with an average fruit weight of 2.2g and a shell thickness of 1.38mm. The nuts are full, smooth, and the kernel rate is 40%. More productive, 7-8 years old tree production fruit 1.1kg. Nuts mature in Shenyang in late August.
1.4 The jade pendant has a strong tree vigor. The tree stands upright and has a large crown. The 8-year-old tree has a height of 2.51 meters and a crown diameter of 2.10 meters. The nuts are round and dark red with an average fruit weight of 2.0 g and a shell thickness of 1.15 mm. The nuts are full, smooth and clean, with good flavor, and the quality is 43%. More productive, 7-8 years old trees producing fruit 1.0kg. Nuts mature in Shenyang in late August.
1.5 Flat-topped yellow trees are medium-sized, tree-opened, and large in tree crowns; 8-year-old trees are 2.18 meters tall and their crown diameter is 2.15 meters. Nuts are oblate, yellow-brown, with an average fruit weight of 2.4g, kernel weight of 18, and kernel rate of 41%. The nuts are full, smooth, and have good flavor. High-yield, 8-year-old trees produce 1.6kg of fruit and produce 118kg per mu.
2 Cultivation Techniques
2.1 The hybrid fruit hazelnuts with strong adaptability in the garden are able to grow normally on a variety of soils, but loam and sandy loam are preferred. When constructing the garden, choose flat land or gentle slope land and land with irrigation conditions, and select 3 to 4 varieties to be pollinating trees each other. The plant spacing is 2.53m or 33m. Hazelnuts are shallow rooted trees, and the depth of planting is preferably 6 to 10 cm above the root.
2.2 Fertilizer management Whether it is a sapling garden or a result tree garden, basal fertilizer and topdressing should be applied. In early September, organic fertilizer was used as a base fertilizer: 2 to 3 years old trees, 10 kg per plant; 4 to 5 years old trees 30 kg per plant; 6 years above 50 kg per plant; later more appropriate as tree age and yield increase. Top dressing: The top dressing is topped with nitrogen fertilizer for 3 years before planting. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 2:1∶1, and the strain is applied to 100g; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 2:1:2 after 3 years of age. According to the output, The annual application rate per plant increased from 200g to 500g. Top dressing is applied in two applications, the first in late May to early June, and the second in early July to mid-July.
2.3 Pruning Trimming currently uses single-stem-shaped trees in production. After planting, dry and set the dry height 60-70cm. In the main trunk, 3 to 4 main branches with uniform distribution were selected. The main branch was selected for leaving lateral branches, and the lateral branch had secondary branches and resultant mother branches. The saplings and the initial fruit trees were mainly composed of enlarged tree crowns, which were mainly light and short cuts on the extension branches of the main and lateral branches, and the branchlets of the internal organs were not trimmed. For the full-fruit tree, in addition to lightly cutting the main branches of the extension, but also cut off the thin and weak branches of internal warts and pests and branches.
2.4 Pest Control Hazelnuts have fewer pests and diseases, mainly powdery mildew, and insect pests are mainly aphids and leaf-feeding pests such as chafers. Every year in late May and early June, spraying Triadimefon 500 times liquid powder to control powdery mildew. During the occurrence of locusts, spraying 1000 times liquid fleas, the scarab leaf insects mainly kill by hand.
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