To optimize the fermentation process and ensure effective microbial activity, it's essential to extend the fermentation time. Increase the temperature of the culture material to 50°C and maintain this temperature for 8–10 hours. Each day, turn the material and aerate the pores to maintain optimal moisture levels—never let it dry out. This helps support the growth of thermophilic microorganisms and prevents the material from becoming too compact or stagnant. Avoid using cold water when preparing the bags, as it can shock and weaken the thermophilic bacteria. Adjust the moisture content of the culture material at least two days in advance to ensure it is just right. Once the bags are sealed, the temperature inside should quickly rise to 35°C. After a couple of days, the central temperature may reach up to 40°C. At this point, make sure the bags are breathable and allow a slight temperature drop of about 5°C. Then, raise the temperature back to 35°C until the bacterial cultures form visible pellicles. Once this stage is complete, gradually lower the temperature to room level. This method not only promotes rapid propagation of thermophilic actinomycetes but also helps eliminate eggs and harmful bacteria. For seeding, use the particle ring broadcast method. Instead of spreading the bacteria evenly across the bag, focus on sowing them in a central ring. This approach protects the bacteria from the high temperatures in the center of the bag, allowing them to recover more quickly and establish themselves effectively. To prevent bad odors, avoid exposure to strong chemicals such as paint, gasoline, or pesticides, as they can be toxic to the microbial cultures. Experienced mushroom growers often choose to cultivate fungi outdoors where air circulation is better and odors are less likely to accumulate. Lastly, implement timely pest and disease prevention measures. As the saying goes, "prevention is better than cure." In older yam fields, pests and diseases are common, so it’s important to stay proactive. Before starting the germination process, ensure the bacterial cultures are thoroughly sterilized. Repeat this sterilization every three days for 3–4 cycles, making sure all steps are done consistently and carefully. This will help maintain a healthy environment for the growing microbes and reduce the risk of contamination.

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