Affected by the cold wave last week, the extent of cooling in the northern region was relatively large. Many peasant households had already covered grasshoppers or insulation. Then, in terms of the initial stage after the grass cover (or insulation) is covered in the greenhouse, what aspects of the farmer's work should be done in production management? In this issue, “Direct access to greenhousesâ€, we discussed issues that should be noted in the management of greenhouse vegetables at the current stage in order to provide reference and reference for farmers.
First, after the grass cover the grass cover, the control of the night temperature is the key Recently, the reporter learned through an interview that many farmers in the greenhouse after the grass cover or insulation is the initial stage, how to properly control the night temperature is difficult.
The reporter learned that from Monday to Wednesday, after the cold wave struck, the temperature dropped sharply. At this stage, the majority of farmers took measures to cover grasshoppers or insulation in a timely manner. At the same time, they reduced the time of exhalation and warmed up as much as possible during the day. Covering the grasshoppers or keeping warm is largely protected against cold waves.
However, after the cold wave, the temperature gradually increased and the temperature rose to above 15°C during the day. Then, how to control the greenhouse temperature after warming, the majority of farmers are not sure. They both worry about covering grasshoppers or after being warmed, the night temperature Too high, the temperature difference between day and night is small, the photosynthetic products produced by photosynthesis during the day are consumed by the stems and leaves, leading to vegetables grow, affecting the flowering results, but also worried about not covering grasshoppers or insulation, night cooling rate is too great, causing low temperature effects on vegetables . Therefore, at the end of the night, the insulation material is not covered in the bottom cover, and the vast number of farmers have made difficulties.
In this alternating season of warm and cold, in the end of the greenhouse, no cover or insulation was covered at night. According to the reporter, in order to control the night temperature, attention must be paid to “three lookes†in production:
A look at the growth of vegetables in the shed. At this stage, there are a large number of overwintering winter sweet peppers at the seedling stage, cucumbers interplanting bitter gourds soon after planting, and a large winter eggplant that is in the middle of the fruiting period. tomato. At present, these greenhouse vegetables are in different stages of growth and development. The temperature requirements for the greenhouses are also different.
Therefore, the reporter believes that the night cover is not covered with insulation materials, due to "food" conditions, flexible and variable control of the night temperature. For example, when a large amount of sweet peppers are grown during the winter in the seedling stage, this stage requires strong trees and tree growth. If the night temperature is too low, it will inhibit its growth and adversely affect flower bud differentiation. For cucumbers interplanted with bitter gourds that have just been planted for a short period of time, it is advisable to reduce the temperature of the sheds to control the seedlings. For the shed eggplant during the positive result period, the temperature difference between day and night should be adopted to promote the transport of photosynthetic products to the fruit and promote the expansion. However, tomatoes that are in the process of color change will be mainly based on insulation, reducing the temperature difference between day and night. First, preventing drastic changes in hot and cold, and avoiding fruit surface "skin"; second is to increase the temperature of the greenhouse, and promote color conversion.
Second, look at the conditions of the shed facilities. At present, farmers have both new sheds with good insulation and old sheds that have been used for many years and have poor insulation. The reporter believes that at night cover does not cover insulation materials, but also depends on the condition of these shed facilities. The new shed, with good daylighting, thick walls, heat storage, and good heat insulation, can be selected without cover or with less cover. Old sheds, poor lighting, thin walls, low heat storage, poor insulation, need to take more than cover or cover straw insulation.
Three to see the weather. The reporter believes that the weather conditions of the day are the key factors that determine whether farmers need to cover grasshoppers or keep warm. During the day, the weather is clear, the temperature is high, and the temperature inside the shed warms up quickly. If the greenhouse temperature in the early hours of the next morning can still meet the growing demand of vegetables, you can choose not to cover or cover less; if the sky is cloudy, the temperature is low and the shed increases. If you do not cover grasshoppers or keep warm, you will not be able to meet the growing demand for vegetables. You should close the tuyere early and cover the insulation material. Therefore, the majority of farmers should watch the weather forecast in time, accurately grasp the weather changes during the day, and manage their own sheds flexibly.
At this stage, the temperature is in general a downward trend. The reporter suggested that farmers can take the following measures to regulate the night temperature.
Method One: Put "night wind". When the farmer sets the shed in the evening, he can close the air outlet first, and then cover the grasshopper or the insulation after the sun goes down. At this time, the shed temperature will rise. At 8-9 in the evening, you can go to the shed to open the air outlet, put the "night wind" to regulate the night temperature. The night temperature is high, and Koura’s tuyere is larger. The night temperature is low and the tuyere is smaller.
Method Two: Put "Flowers". This method is only applicable to artificial sheds. According to the weather conditions, farmers can keep some grasshoppers and cover part of the grasshoppers when it is put in the evening. The night temperature is controlled by reducing the number of grasshoppers. The night temperature is high, one bed can be placed across the bed; when the night temperature is low, more grass can be placed.
Method 3: Put a "half shed." The law applies to sheds that roll shutters to pull grasshoppers. In order to control the night temperature, you can put it in half and leave it half when you put it on the shelf. If the shed is high in temperature, more space may be left, and if the shed is low in temperature, the area of ​​grazing will be more.
Second, change the way to use drugs, reduce the humidity inside the greenhouse As the weather turns cold, the vegetable growers will install the straw curtain, making the time for the vegetable farmers to reduce the temperature of ventilation and cooling the greenhouse, the moisture inside the greenhouse will not come out, resulting in a serious disease in the greenhouse. Therefore, the method of use of vegetable farmers should also be changed, from a single spray in the summer to using smoke, powder, mist sprayer and other methods of medication, in order to reduce the humidity within the greenhouse to prevent the occurrence of diseases.
First of all, we must pay attention to the use of aerosols because the ventilation time becomes shorter and the air humidity in the shed increases. This provides good conditions for the occurrence of many diseases in the shed. Therefore, the vegetable farmers can put them in the shed at night after putting them in the shed. The use of aerosols to prevent and treat pests and insects can not only avoid the increase of air humidity caused by the use of liquid medicines, but also achieve the purpose of using medicines throughout the shed to prevent and treat diseases and leave no dead ends. However, there are four things to keep in mind when using aerosols:
First, clarify the object of prevention and cure the disease. The properties of various aerosols are different, and their control objects are also different. According to the types and incidence of diseases and insect pests, the types of aerosols are correctly selected, the right medicine is prescribed, and the best time for smoking is also grasped. The effect of arbitrarily increasing the amount of medication and smoking time.
Second, medication prevention begins early in the disease. According to the occurrence and development of pests and diseases, master the right timing of drug use. In general, the use of drugs in the early stages of the disease, the greatest effect. Because at this time the amount is small, easy to control, and at the same time, the pests are in the young stage, and their natural resistance to pesticides is poor; while, like gray mold, the amount of spores in the shed is now small, and the spores can be controlled if properly controlled. At lower levels to avoid the occurrence of gray mold during deep winter seasons.
Third, calculate the amount of medication and timely smoke. According to the size of the greenhouse space to determine the amount of medication, generally in accordance with the length, width, height of the greenhouse to accurately calculate its volume, and then according to the size of the vegetables and the degree of disease, so as to calculate the amount of aerosol agent. Smoke time, the best choice in the evening or cloudy days, in order to facilitate the precipitation of smoke and improve the control effect. After the smoke, it must be ventilated and ventilated, and the harmful gases in the shed should be discharged out of the shed so as to avoid phytotoxicity.
Fourth, master the medication method and evenly distribute the points. Put the aerosol on the bricks on the side of the canal, or hang the cans in the canopy, and put the smoke inside to light and smoke, instead of putting the smoke directly on the vegetable field, to prevent the damp soil in the shed from If the aerosol gets wet, it will fail to smoke; nor should it be placed in the line of operation to prevent the plants near the smoke agent from being exposed to excessive amounts of the agent, resulting in phytotoxicity. At the same time, the smoke point should be evenly distributed, and the distance between the medicament and the medicament should be equal. Then, from the inside to the outside light. Pay attention to blow out the open flame, which is conducive to the production of smoke, fumigation, according to the instructions for the use of smoke agents, determine a reasonable time for the use of drugs, smoke once every 7 to 10 days, continuous smoking 2 to 3 times.
Followed by the cloudy powder spray disease prevention effect is good in even the cloudy days in addition to the use of aerosols to prevent disease, the farmers can also use powder to prevent disease.
When powders are sprayed, the greenhouses shall be sealed before spraying, and then the powder shall be sprayed to prevent disease according to the prescribed dosage. For example, when controlling cucumber anthrax, vegetable farmers may use 5% chlorothalonil at a dose of 1 kg per mu. The amount of disease prevention, but it should be noted that when spraying powder not to the vegetables, but to deal with empty uniform spray, the effect is better.
However, because the powder particles are heavier and they are scattered from the top to the bottom, this will cause a large amount of chemicals to adhere to the front of the leaves, affecting the photosynthesis of the leaves of the vegetables. Therefore, the powder should not be used continuously, but should be used in intervals with aerosols and other measures. The effect is good.
Once again, the winter mist sprayer should be used for spraying. Whenever there is bad weather, the humidity inside the greenhouse is high, the temperature is low, the light is weak, and gray mold, sclerotia, etc. will become more serious because these diseases are under low temperature and high humidity conditions. Severe incidence, so farmers should reduce the amount of water spray, reduce the air humidity inside the shed.
Most vegetable farmers have also noticed the combination of spraying and fumigation to prevent diseases. However, common sprayers use a large amount of water when spraying, which can easily increase the air humidity in the shed and provide favorable conditions for disease transmission. However, when the disease is severe, the smoke effect is poor. . Therefore, the use of less mist sprayer should be the first choice for many vegetable farmers.
It is understood that the current sprayer spraying water is generally 1% -5% of the normal sprayer water consumption, such as 1 acres of greenhouses, spray a drug requires 3-4 barrels of water, which is 90-120 kg Water, and the use of mist sprayer spray only 1.0-5.0 pounds of water is enough. When spraying, it atomizes the liquid into mist or smoke and sprays from the nozzle. It quickly diffuses and spreads to all the plants in the greenhouse. When spraying, it will not produce dead angles like ordinary sprayers. It can be used evenly. To reduce the problem of increasing air humidity in the shed caused by spraying. However, it should also be noted that the spray pressure of the mist sprayer is relatively large. Do not spray the spray directly on the spray when spraying. Instead, spray the spray nozzle obliquely upward and spray misty liquid over the plant. , Then let the liquid slowly fall onto the vegetable plant.
First, after the grass cover the grass cover, the control of the night temperature is the key Recently, the reporter learned through an interview that many farmers in the greenhouse after the grass cover or insulation is the initial stage, how to properly control the night temperature is difficult.
The reporter learned that from Monday to Wednesday, after the cold wave struck, the temperature dropped sharply. At this stage, the majority of farmers took measures to cover grasshoppers or insulation in a timely manner. At the same time, they reduced the time of exhalation and warmed up as much as possible during the day. Covering the grasshoppers or keeping warm is largely protected against cold waves.
However, after the cold wave, the temperature gradually increased and the temperature rose to above 15°C during the day. Then, how to control the greenhouse temperature after warming, the majority of farmers are not sure. They both worry about covering grasshoppers or after being warmed, the night temperature Too high, the temperature difference between day and night is small, the photosynthetic products produced by photosynthesis during the day are consumed by the stems and leaves, leading to vegetables grow, affecting the flowering results, but also worried about not covering grasshoppers or insulation, night cooling rate is too great, causing low temperature effects on vegetables . Therefore, at the end of the night, the insulation material is not covered in the bottom cover, and the vast number of farmers have made difficulties.
In this alternating season of warm and cold, in the end of the greenhouse, no cover or insulation was covered at night. According to the reporter, in order to control the night temperature, attention must be paid to “three lookes†in production:
A look at the growth of vegetables in the shed. At this stage, there are a large number of overwintering winter sweet peppers at the seedling stage, cucumbers interplanting bitter gourds soon after planting, and a large winter eggplant that is in the middle of the fruiting period. tomato. At present, these greenhouse vegetables are in different stages of growth and development. The temperature requirements for the greenhouses are also different.
Therefore, the reporter believes that the night cover is not covered with insulation materials, due to "food" conditions, flexible and variable control of the night temperature. For example, when a large amount of sweet peppers are grown during the winter in the seedling stage, this stage requires strong trees and tree growth. If the night temperature is too low, it will inhibit its growth and adversely affect flower bud differentiation. For cucumbers interplanted with bitter gourds that have just been planted for a short period of time, it is advisable to reduce the temperature of the sheds to control the seedlings. For the shed eggplant during the positive result period, the temperature difference between day and night should be adopted to promote the transport of photosynthetic products to the fruit and promote the expansion. However, tomatoes that are in the process of color change will be mainly based on insulation, reducing the temperature difference between day and night. First, preventing drastic changes in hot and cold, and avoiding fruit surface "skin"; second is to increase the temperature of the greenhouse, and promote color conversion.
Second, look at the conditions of the shed facilities. At present, farmers have both new sheds with good insulation and old sheds that have been used for many years and have poor insulation. The reporter believes that at night cover does not cover insulation materials, but also depends on the condition of these shed facilities. The new shed, with good daylighting, thick walls, heat storage, and good heat insulation, can be selected without cover or with less cover. Old sheds, poor lighting, thin walls, low heat storage, poor insulation, need to take more than cover or cover straw insulation.
Three to see the weather. The reporter believes that the weather conditions of the day are the key factors that determine whether farmers need to cover grasshoppers or keep warm. During the day, the weather is clear, the temperature is high, and the temperature inside the shed warms up quickly. If the greenhouse temperature in the early hours of the next morning can still meet the growing demand of vegetables, you can choose not to cover or cover less; if the sky is cloudy, the temperature is low and the shed increases. If you do not cover grasshoppers or keep warm, you will not be able to meet the growing demand for vegetables. You should close the tuyere early and cover the insulation material. Therefore, the majority of farmers should watch the weather forecast in time, accurately grasp the weather changes during the day, and manage their own sheds flexibly.
At this stage, the temperature is in general a downward trend. The reporter suggested that farmers can take the following measures to regulate the night temperature.
Method One: Put "night wind". When the farmer sets the shed in the evening, he can close the air outlet first, and then cover the grasshopper or the insulation after the sun goes down. At this time, the shed temperature will rise. At 8-9 in the evening, you can go to the shed to open the air outlet, put the "night wind" to regulate the night temperature. The night temperature is high, and Koura’s tuyere is larger. The night temperature is low and the tuyere is smaller.
Method Two: Put "Flowers". This method is only applicable to artificial sheds. According to the weather conditions, farmers can keep some grasshoppers and cover part of the grasshoppers when it is put in the evening. The night temperature is controlled by reducing the number of grasshoppers. The night temperature is high, one bed can be placed across the bed; when the night temperature is low, more grass can be placed.
Method 3: Put a "half shed." The law applies to sheds that roll shutters to pull grasshoppers. In order to control the night temperature, you can put it in half and leave it half when you put it on the shelf. If the shed is high in temperature, more space may be left, and if the shed is low in temperature, the area of ​​grazing will be more.
Second, change the way to use drugs, reduce the humidity inside the greenhouse As the weather turns cold, the vegetable growers will install the straw curtain, making the time for the vegetable farmers to reduce the temperature of ventilation and cooling the greenhouse, the moisture inside the greenhouse will not come out, resulting in a serious disease in the greenhouse. Therefore, the method of use of vegetable farmers should also be changed, from a single spray in the summer to using smoke, powder, mist sprayer and other methods of medication, in order to reduce the humidity within the greenhouse to prevent the occurrence of diseases.
First of all, we must pay attention to the use of aerosols because the ventilation time becomes shorter and the air humidity in the shed increases. This provides good conditions for the occurrence of many diseases in the shed. Therefore, the vegetable farmers can put them in the shed at night after putting them in the shed. The use of aerosols to prevent and treat pests and insects can not only avoid the increase of air humidity caused by the use of liquid medicines, but also achieve the purpose of using medicines throughout the shed to prevent and treat diseases and leave no dead ends. However, there are four things to keep in mind when using aerosols:
First, clarify the object of prevention and cure the disease. The properties of various aerosols are different, and their control objects are also different. According to the types and incidence of diseases and insect pests, the types of aerosols are correctly selected, the right medicine is prescribed, and the best time for smoking is also grasped. The effect of arbitrarily increasing the amount of medication and smoking time.
Second, medication prevention begins early in the disease. According to the occurrence and development of pests and diseases, master the right timing of drug use. In general, the use of drugs in the early stages of the disease, the greatest effect. Because at this time the amount is small, easy to control, and at the same time, the pests are in the young stage, and their natural resistance to pesticides is poor; while, like gray mold, the amount of spores in the shed is now small, and the spores can be controlled if properly controlled. At lower levels to avoid the occurrence of gray mold during deep winter seasons.
Third, calculate the amount of medication and timely smoke. According to the size of the greenhouse space to determine the amount of medication, generally in accordance with the length, width, height of the greenhouse to accurately calculate its volume, and then according to the size of the vegetables and the degree of disease, so as to calculate the amount of aerosol agent. Smoke time, the best choice in the evening or cloudy days, in order to facilitate the precipitation of smoke and improve the control effect. After the smoke, it must be ventilated and ventilated, and the harmful gases in the shed should be discharged out of the shed so as to avoid phytotoxicity.
Fourth, master the medication method and evenly distribute the points. Put the aerosol on the bricks on the side of the canal, or hang the cans in the canopy, and put the smoke inside to light and smoke, instead of putting the smoke directly on the vegetable field, to prevent the damp soil in the shed from If the aerosol gets wet, it will fail to smoke; nor should it be placed in the line of operation to prevent the plants near the smoke agent from being exposed to excessive amounts of the agent, resulting in phytotoxicity. At the same time, the smoke point should be evenly distributed, and the distance between the medicament and the medicament should be equal. Then, from the inside to the outside light. Pay attention to blow out the open flame, which is conducive to the production of smoke, fumigation, according to the instructions for the use of smoke agents, determine a reasonable time for the use of drugs, smoke once every 7 to 10 days, continuous smoking 2 to 3 times.
Followed by the cloudy powder spray disease prevention effect is good in even the cloudy days in addition to the use of aerosols to prevent disease, the farmers can also use powder to prevent disease.
When powders are sprayed, the greenhouses shall be sealed before spraying, and then the powder shall be sprayed to prevent disease according to the prescribed dosage. For example, when controlling cucumber anthrax, vegetable farmers may use 5% chlorothalonil at a dose of 1 kg per mu. The amount of disease prevention, but it should be noted that when spraying powder not to the vegetables, but to deal with empty uniform spray, the effect is better.
However, because the powder particles are heavier and they are scattered from the top to the bottom, this will cause a large amount of chemicals to adhere to the front of the leaves, affecting the photosynthesis of the leaves of the vegetables. Therefore, the powder should not be used continuously, but should be used in intervals with aerosols and other measures. The effect is good.
Once again, the winter mist sprayer should be used for spraying. Whenever there is bad weather, the humidity inside the greenhouse is high, the temperature is low, the light is weak, and gray mold, sclerotia, etc. will become more serious because these diseases are under low temperature and high humidity conditions. Severe incidence, so farmers should reduce the amount of water spray, reduce the air humidity inside the shed.
Most vegetable farmers have also noticed the combination of spraying and fumigation to prevent diseases. However, common sprayers use a large amount of water when spraying, which can easily increase the air humidity in the shed and provide favorable conditions for disease transmission. However, when the disease is severe, the smoke effect is poor. . Therefore, the use of less mist sprayer should be the first choice for many vegetable farmers.
It is understood that the current sprayer spraying water is generally 1% -5% of the normal sprayer water consumption, such as 1 acres of greenhouses, spray a drug requires 3-4 barrels of water, which is 90-120 kg Water, and the use of mist sprayer spray only 1.0-5.0 pounds of water is enough. When spraying, it atomizes the liquid into mist or smoke and sprays from the nozzle. It quickly diffuses and spreads to all the plants in the greenhouse. When spraying, it will not produce dead angles like ordinary sprayers. It can be used evenly. To reduce the problem of increasing air humidity in the shed caused by spraying. However, it should also be noted that the spray pressure of the mist sprayer is relatively large. Do not spray the spray directly on the spray when spraying. Instead, spray the spray nozzle obliquely upward and spray misty liquid over the plant. , Then let the liquid slowly fall onto the vegetable plant.
Tpe Disposable Gloves,Emergency Disposable Gloves,Protective Plastic Gloves,Hygienic Disposable Gloves
Shandong Haoyue Medical Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.haoyueyiliao.com