The management of winter wheat fertilizer and water is mainly to coordinate the growth of plants, promote the delivery of young wheat seedlings and the cultivation of strong seedlings, establish a suitable group structure, ensure that the wheat seedlings safely pass winter, and lay a good foundation for stable production and yield in the coming year.
Seedling diagnosis
Pre-winter seedlings diagnosis method is mainly "three check two look", that is, check the basic soil, check the locust situation, check the climate, grasp the environment on the growth of winter wheat; see the strains and look at the groups, observe the specific growth of wheat seedlings. Through the diagnosis of the seedlings, a comprehensive evaluation of the growth was conducted to find out the influencing factors, and conclusions were made on possible future disastrous weather effects on the seedlings and measures were taken to prevent and control them in advance.
Seedling management
The emphasis is on nurturing strong seedlings. The strong seedlings show thick and thick tillers. The leaves are rather straight, the leaves are dark green, and there are many roots. There are also many soil particles attached to the roots. There are two common problems seedlings: First, weak seedlings; Second, Wang Miao, need to adapt to local conditions, the classification management.
1. Weak seedling management. Weak seedlings showed thin, small tillers, narrow leaves, and abnormal leaf color. The shortage of nutrients for the manufacture and storage of weak seedlings prior to winter is not conducive to safe wintering, and it is difficult to grow robustly after returning green.
The main causes of weak seedlings and the corresponding technical measures taken:
(1) Drought easily leads to the formation of "narrow necked seedlings". The main manifestations are: the tips of the seedlings are yellow at the base of the seedlings, the upper leaves are grayish green, and the tillers and secondary roots are few or can not occur; the growth of the plants is slow, and the heart leaves are not long, showing "Neck shrinkage" phenomenon, when the base leaves yellow and dry, the plants ceased to grow. When the "neck-shrinking" symptoms occur, it is necessary to pour the potting water early, and at the same time take resilience.
(2) Wet soils in the soil, poor air circulation, weak roots, short yellow wheat leaves and fewer tillers; new roots are born slowly, and old roots become rusty. Clear ridge cultivators can be used to improve soil ventilation and promote root development.
(3) less base fertilizer, thin soil prone to "yellow skinny." The root system of wheat seedlings is poorly developed, thin, thin and slender, and low-level pods often cannot occur. The nitrogen-deficient leaf color is lighter and the lower leaves yellow; the phosphorus-deficient tips are purple and dull. For the "yellow skinny seedlings" with insufficient fertilizer, it is necessary to combine watering and topdressing nitrogenous fertilizers in time.
(4) Burning seedlings appear due to improper fertilization. Yellow leaves or tips, growth weakened, reduced or even the occurrence of tillers, wheat roots rust or apical root enlargement, was chicken-like; on the whole field seedlings, the yellow seedlings irregular spot. The reasons for this are: excessive application of fertilizers and inappropriate use of varieties, especially excessive application of urea and ammonium bicarbonate; or poor quality and acidity of phosphate fertilizers; or excessive application of organic fertilizers. The remedial measures for "fat burning seedlings" are to water immediately, and they should be plucked promptly after watering.
In addition, due to late seeding formed weak seedlings, mainly due to insufficient accumulated temperature, seedlings less roots, less fertilizer and water consumption, generally not suitable for fertilizer and watering before winter, so as not to reduce the temperature, affect the emergence of seedlings. Shallow earthworms, warming and protecting earthworms.
2, Wang Miao's management. Pre-winter wheat seedlings are mostly due to sowing too early or early, sowing large, high fertility formed.
The main causes and the corresponding technical measures taken:
(1) The fertility foundation is relatively high, and the lyrical conditions are suitable. In addition to the early sowing, the wheat seedlings have strong growth potential, many tillers, and fast speeds. The total number of stems before winter can often reach over one million. In case of warm winter, the year will continue to prosper, and in the cold winter, serious damage will occur. For such wheat fields, take measures as soon as possible and try to control their growth rate. The method is to cut off the roots of deep cultivator, usually about 10 cm deep. After the root cut, temporarily reduce the absorption of water and nutrients, slow down the growth rate, and allow the root system to extend downwards during the process of recovery and re-rooting.
(2) The application of base fertilizer is too much, and the seedlings formed earlier and sowed. Such Wang Miao is generally a pseudo-Wang Miao and will gradually decline into weak seedlings before wintering or after winter. This should be done with seedling thinning and appropriate repression or squats to control growth to a certain extent and increase nutrient accumulation. When pouring frozen water, apply appropriate amount of fertilizer (usually 5-7 kilograms of urea in Mushi). After years, you can turn into strong seedlings.
(3) The seeding rate is too large and there are too many basic seedlings to cause Wang Miao. The seedlings are high in length and poor in root development. Generally, they are not suitable for deep cultivating. There are wheat fields with prosperous growth. In combination with deep cultivators, they can be pressed with stone rakes to suppress the growth of main stems and big larvae and control their growth. However, the lower wetlands and saline-alkali lands should not be rolled so as to avoid causing soil compaction and returning alkali.
Pouring good winter water
Wintering water can reduce and prevent the damage of wheat freeze-thaw, and save water for the following year, so that winter water can be used in spring and early spring drought can be prevented; soil can also be destroyed to eliminate overwintering pests. Winter wheat irrigation in wheat fields should not be too large. Do not flood flooding, so as not to cause the area of ​​water, form ice and make the seedlings suffocate and die. The pouring of winter water starts at a daily average temperature of 7°C-8°C and ends at 5°C. It's good to freeze in the night. Prematurely, high temperatures will promote growth; when it is too late, the soil will freeze and water will not infiltrate in time. Wheat seedlings will die in the ice. After pouring, pay attention to timely scratching and remove soil compaction. For the defertilizer seedlings with insufficient basal fertilizer and poor soil fertility, combined with winter irrigation, 5-8 kg of urea will be added, which will help turn wheat seedlings into strong winter crops. At the same time, both winter fertilizer and spring will be beneficial to the growth of wheat seedlings.
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