In order to protect vegetables from cold damage, it is essential to implement a series of effective agricultural practices. First, the nitrogen-control method should be applied during the seedling stage to minimize the use of nitrogen fertilizer. Avoiding the application of nitrogenous fertilizers at this time helps prevent weak cold resistance in plants. However, early topdressing with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can promote healthy growth and improve the plant's ability to withstand low temperatures. It is important not to apply available nitrogen fertilizers before a cold spell.
Second, using organic manure such as pig or cow dung can help raise soil temperature around the roots by 2 to 3 degrees Celsius. This warm farm manure should be applied during sunny days, with a recommended amount of 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms per mu (approximately 667 square meters), and spread around the root zone to provide insulation.
Third, applying diluted manure before frost can help prevent the soil from freezing. A mixture of 400 to 500 kilograms of thin cast manure per acre can be used to keep the soil moist and less likely to freeze.
Fourth, soil cultivation is an effective technique to loosen the soil and increase its temperature. Before the ground freezes, cultivate the soil to a depth of 7 to 10 centimeters, which helps protect the roots while improving aeration and warmth.
Fifth, covering vegetables with straw or other dry materials in the afternoon before frost can reduce wind exposure and mechanical damage. Use about 100 kilograms of straw per acre, spreading it evenly but not completely covering the plants to allow for photosynthesis.
Sixth, the ash method involves sprinkling a thin layer of rice husk ash or plant ash on the crops before a cold snap. Additionally, spreading grass ash between rows can further enhance protection against low temperatures.
Seventh, using smoke stacks made from weeds, straw, or litter, or mixing materials like asphalt, ammonium nitrate, coal dust, and sawdust to create frost-proof firepots can generate heat and disperse cold air. These should be lit at the upwind corners before frost arrives.
Eighth, constructing wind barriers on the northern side of the vegetable plots using straw or other materials can reduce wind impact. Install these barriers every 3 to 4 meters, with a height of 1 to 1.5 meters to effectively block cold winds.
Ninth, irrigation should be carried out when the daily average temperature drops to 2°C. After a cold spell, water again when the maximum temperature rises to 3°C, ensuring that the soil and plants are thawed. Winter irrigation should be thorough, but avoid waterlogging on the plant surfaces.
Tenth, implementing a proper drainage system by maintaining "three ditches" ensures that excess water can be quickly removed, preventing ice formation and root damage. This practice is crucial for maintaining healthy growing conditions during cold periods.
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