I. Status of turkey industry and market development prospects

Turkey, the scientific name of vomiting chicken, also known as the seven-sided bird, native to the Americas, is a kind of herbivorous food-grade meat with high-end game rare birds. Turkey is a wild animal in the Americas. It feeds on the straw, young leaves, seeds, and insects of the plant. It is resistant to heat and cold, outdoors in the wild, and foraging in the snow, adapting to a variety of harsh environmental conditions. Artificial rearing, smashing and mixing of various crop straws can all be used as turkey feed, and can be adapted for grazing and grazing.

Turkey is rich in nutrients, with an average protein content of 30.4%. The protein content of leg muscles is as high as 34.2%. It is higher than beef, lamb, pork and chicken. It is rich in B vitamins, and its fat is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. It is a natural nutritional tonic for dizziness, spleen-stomach deficiency, loss of appetite, chronic illness, weakness, waist and knee fatigue.

Turkey is tender and delicious, suitable for both young and old. It can adapt to high-end restaurants and meet ordinary family needs. In western developed countries, turkey has become one of the main meat products second only to beef. In Europe and the United States, annual sales account for more than 20% of total meat sales, and absolute sales are second only to beef. According to statistics of the International Food and Agriculture Organization, Germany consumes 600,000 tons of turkey products each year. The market price is 9 EUR/kg. France consumes 700,000 tons of turkey products every year. The market price is 8.39 EUR/kg. The United States consumes turkey products annually. 95 Tens of thousands of tons, the market price is 9.5 US dollars/kg. However, China currently consumes less than 10,000 tons of turkey products each year, and the average price is only 2 US dollars/kg.

In Europe and the United States, turkeys have long been scaled up for industrialization. The United States is the world’s largest turkey producer and produces about 270 million turkeys annually. Currently, there are only about 1 million turkeys raised annually in China. It can be seen that the turkey market in China has a huge space for development.

Although turkeys entered China only at the end of the last century, the rate of proliferation and reproduction in our country was very fast. A stable consumer market has formed in middle and high-end hotels in coastal areas such as Guangdong. Its rapid development momentum in recent years has become irresistible. The major consumer market is rapidly infiltrating into the large and medium-sized inland cities such as East China and North China from the coastal areas. The total sales volume is growing rapidly. It can be predicted that in the near future, as people will consume As the level continues to increase, the turkey will become a well-known and well-known mass consumer product, becoming the new darling of the Chinese on the table in the 21st century. What is even more gratifying is that China's turkey deep-processing products market has also started to take off, and it has been growing rapidly year after year. The market prospects are bright.

Second, Turkey's breeding income analysis

Turkey has the characteristics of rapid growth, high meat production rate, strong fertility, easy management, and high profitability. Under normal circumstances, a 140-day heavy turkey cock can reach 16-20 kilograms and a hen can reach 9-15 kilograms; a medium turkey cock can reach 13-15 kilograms and a hen can reach 8-10 kilograms. Two quarters can be kept each year.

Input: The current market price of turkey seedlings is RMB 10 per animal, the feed cost per season is RMB 25 per animal, and the epidemic prevention and other miscellaneous expenses are calculated at RMB 0.5 per animal, for a total cost of RMB 35.5 per animal.

Output: Commodity chickens are calculated at 10 kg/only, the market's bottom price is RMB 10/kg, survival rate is calculated at 90%, and total output is RMB 90/household.

Benefits: Each turkey can get a net profit of 54.5 yuan, 100 per capita per season in the rural area does not affect other jobs, and a net profit of more than 10,000 yuan can be obtained in the second quarter of the year.

Third, the turkey's feeding and management

1. Selection of turkey varieties

(1) Bronze turkey: native to the Americas, named after its bronze feathers. About 60 eggs are produced annually, and the female turkey has a body weight of 8 kg and a male turkey of 16 kg. The introduction of this species to China is too long and it is now seriously degraded.

(2) Nikolai Turkey: Breed by the American Nikolai Turkey Breeding Company. The maximum weight of adult roosters is 25 kilograms, about 12 kilograms of female turkeys, 60-80 eggs per year, and pure white feathers. This kind of turkey has a wide range of body weights, poor natural mating and fertilization rates, and is subject to artificial insemination, which is suitable for intensive chemical plant breeding.

(3) Betina Turkey: Originally produced in Mexico and later cultivated and domesticated by the French Betima Turkey Breeding Company, it has now become the only species in the world that can both grazing and raise livestock. This kind of turkey is resistant to roughage, fast weight gain, high feed reward and strong disease resistance. It can produce 90-120 eggs per year. The weight of male turkey is about 10 kg, and that of female turkey is about 5 kg. This kind of turkey has a high natural mating rate and a high self-incubation capacity, which is suitable for feeding in small and medium-sized turkey farms. It is also suitable for rural professional households and farmers. It is an ideal variety.
2. Standard chicken house construction

(1) Site selection: Small-scale production and family feeding can be adapted to local conditions; and large-scale production, turkey site selection is very important. The land use plan should be formulated according to the production volume, and the construction site should be high-dry, flat and north-to-south. At the same time, the supporting facilities for the sports field and pasture farmland should be planned. There should be no cities, villages, factories and other pollution sources within one kilometer of the chicken farm. The air quality should meet the requirements of the GB3095 standard.

(2) Construction layout of the turkey farm: The layout of the turkey farm requires a complete system. This system is mainly divided into the management personnel's living area, breeder farm, hatchery, and commercial chicken production base. All incoming personnel and vehicles must be strictly sterilized. The environment in the turkey house must meet NY/T388 requirements.

3, feeding and management of turkey

(1) Matters to be noted for the introduction of turkeys: Turkeys should come from a “special license for the production and sale of livestock and poultry”, and there should be no turkey farms for chickens, Newcastle disease, bird flu, mycoplasma, and leukemia.

(2) Pasture Support: Planting pasture is the focus of the entire turkey breeding work. Turkey has a wide range of green feeds. Wild grasses, vegetables, leaves, water peanuts, hawthorn vines, peanut pods, and cultivated ryegrass grasses, chicory, converging grasses, and Rumex are all good feeds for turkeys. Keep fresh and clean when feeding, prevent spoilage, ensure no pollution and no toxicity. It is also possible to smash pastures and crop stalks and pulverize them to match the types of buckwheat and buckwheat. This kind of self-batch can not only ensure the quality but also reduce the cost, and can also improve the quality of chickens.

(3) The reasonable mix of pollution-free feed: The feed quality must meet the requirements of NY5037. The blended veterinary additives should meet NY5035 requirements. Chicken seedlings feed formulation: corn 50%, soybean meal 28%, fish meal 12%, wheat 4%, rice 5%, yeast 0.2%, bone meal 0.5%, salt 0.3%. A variety of vitamins and trace elements are used according to the product instructions, and appropriate amounts of leeks, garlic, onions, etc. Mainly concentrate material, supplemented by green material. Commercial chicken feed formula: corn 50%, wheat 15%, soybean meal 15%, rice 15%, fish meal 3%, bone meal 1%, yeast 1%, salt 0.3%. Multidimensional and trace elements for poultry are added according to the product description. Green feed is mainly supplemented by concentrate feed.

(4) Preventing mildew in feed: Due to the large amount of rain and humidity in summer, concentrated feed is prone to mildew, resulting in turkey mold poisoning. Therefore, the management personnel should be responsible and responsible for using sun-dried weather to dry feed, prohibit moldy feed, and prevent the occurrence of poisoning. When materials are used, it must be quantified regularly and less frequently. Usually pay attention to group management, proper exercise, keep quiet, pay attention to hygiene.

(5) Epidemic control: To control the occurrence of turkey disease, we must scientifically manage it. We must adhere to the principle of prevention. We must constantly check the health condition of the flock and adopt comprehensive preventive measures. We must strictly implement the country's drug selection in prevention and control. Standards to prevent contamination of harmful substances and ensure the safety of turkey meat and its products.

(6) Do a good job of environmental sanitation: timely clear all kinds of pollutants on the site, disinfect regularly, select disinfectants that are safe to humans and poultry, have no corrosiveness to the equipment, and have no toxic residues, and properly dispose of dead chickens. To meet the requirements of GB16548. Drinking water should use tested well water or tap water, and the water quality meets the requirements of NY5027.

4. Prevention and treatment of common diseases

(1) Coccidiosis: The disease mostly occurs around the age of one month. The diseased chicken eats little, the hair is chaotic, the stool is thin white, and some are reddish. Treatment: SMZ is watered at 0.01% for 4 days. Ampicillin was blended with drinking water at 0.012-0.024% for 5 days. Or use 0.5% of traditional Chinese medicines such as Changshan, Coptis, Scutellaria, Phellodendron, etc., and feed them with feed.

(2) Blackhead disease in turkey: When the disease occurs, the spirit is weak, the food is small, the hair is disordered, the wings are drooping, the yellowishness is loose, the blood is heavy, the crown is dark black, the caecum is enlarged, the mucous membrane ulcers are formed, the contents are dried, and the liver surface is round. Shape necrosis. Treatment: Peristaltic sensitivity 30 mg/kg body weight, fed with spices, once a day, with 2 days. Or use traditional Chinese medicine Phellodendron, Astragalus, blood grass, honeysuckle, forsythia garlic 0.5% spices.

(3) Newcastle disease in Turkey: Turkey 7-9 days old, Newcastle disease IV line 2 waters; 30 days old Newcastle disease IV line 2 waters; 56 days old Newcastle disease I line seedlings subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Epidemic prevention should meet the requirements of NY5036.

The drug was stopped 14 days before the commercial turkey was slaughtered, and the drug additive was stopped in the feed. The feed is stopped 6 hours before the sale, but it is free to drink water. The quarantine at the place of origin before sale is carried out according to the requirements of GB16549.


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