In order to promote the industrialization of spotting and rearing, we started the ecological breeding experiment and technical demonstration of cage catfish tailings at Qingjiang Reservoir in Hubei Province since 2007, and achieved good results. The technical points are summarized as follows.
First, materials and methods
1. Water conditions
The water tanks provided by the cages have convenient transportation, open water surface, quiet environment, sunny shelter, water transparency of 250 m thick or more, pH value of 7.3-8.5, and dissolved oxygen of 6.5-8.5 mg/L. Normal water level average depth of 65 meters, the bottom sediment or mud, the water exchange, water quality is fresh, there will not be a lot of sediment, rapid flow during flood season, the surface water temperature is always 8 ~ 28 °C, water temperature 20 ~ 26 °C time In 185 days, the exchange of water bodies has a strong self-cleaning ability. There are no large wharfs and factories around, and it is not affected by urban sewage discharge, farmland drainage and mountain torrents.
2. Cage setup
The layout of the rigid box corresponds to the flow of water level fluctuations. For ease of management and operation, the cages are set up in a "non-" type frame, and cages are installed on the frame. According to the maximum water level drop in the water area and the impact resistance of storm waves and the requirements of the own weight of the fish row, fixed piles, fixed cables and ancillary facilities shall be provided.
15 days before stocking, the fingerlings (net clothes) shall be soaked, and the net body shall be installed 7 days before stocking, so that the net clothes will be covered with algae and the flesh will be soft and smooth, which will facilitate the entry of the fingerlings into the box. Check whether the mesh is aging, whether the cage is damaged or not, and whether the suture is firm and firm before the cage is under water. The cage specifications are 4 meters 3.5 meters 3.5 meters and 4 meters 4 meters 4.5 meters, rigid clothes can be set as a double-layer net, the inner mesh net 2a = 2.5 cm, the outer layer The mesh of the net is 2a=3.0-4.0 cm, the rigid garment is 50 cm higher than the water, the size of the mouth of the cage matches the frame size, and the upper end of the net is fixed with a polyethylene rope in the frame. On the tube. The box and box are separated by 50 cm. In order to prevent the deformation of the cage, the pre-sanded sandbags are sunk into the bottom corners of the cage. The test box is a double-layer open type net.
3. Fish species stocking
(1) Sources of fingerlings: All of the fish fingerlings are from large-scale fingerlings of 15 to 18 cm in diameter and 50 g/tail, cultivated in Hubei channel catfish barley field, and stocked in the inner box; The box-cultivated filter-feeding and predatory fish fry were from Jianghan semi-precious fish ponds.
(2) Transport and stocking of fingerlings: Select stocks for stocking in spring. The fish species are transported by oxygenated live fish car or oxygen bag. The temperature difference between the place of departure and the destination is less than 5°C. The seedlings are stopped for 2 days before they are shipped. During transportation, the changes of the water temperature and the supply of oxygen are paid attention. The stocking time should be at the lowest temperature. In the morning or when it is raining and cloudy, the entire process before the fish species is put into the box is carried out in water. The stress of the fish species should be reduced as much as possible, and the operations should be light and fast. On February 18, 2007, a total of 12,000 fish species that had been artificially bred were selected for stocking with excellent quality, uniform specifications, robust physique, smooth body surface, and no disease or injury. 50 g/tail catfish, 1200 tail fish, 500 g/tail carp species, 80 g/tail fish, 30 g/tail squamae, 100 g The tail of the koi is 10 tails. As a “signal fish,†Koi is used to detect damage to the box immediately during inspections. Fish species should be washed with 3–5 mg/L povidone iodine for 15–20 minutes before stocking, and soaked in formalin at a concentration of 2‰ to 3‰ for 2–10 hours, then placed in 1 for 10–20 minutes. ~10. Breeding rigid box.
4. Feeding management
In general, after the stocking is fed for 1 to 2 days, the compound feed is fed to the human. The protein content is about 36%, and the feed should be fresh, with the feed amount accounting for 2% to 3% of the fish's body weight, depending on the water temperature, weather, water quality, and The dietary status of the fish was adjusted, with one vote each morning and afternoon, and the feeding and feeding times during the high-temperature and over-winter periods decreased.
The patrol cages observed the number of signal fish and found that the nets were repaired and replaced in a timely manner to prevent fish escape. Check the number of attachments to the box. If there are too many attachments to the cage, affecting the water exchange, you can use manual brushing, flushing the water pressure tap or replacing the cage. Daily management records are made, and foreign records detail the weather, water temperature, daily feed, fish growth, disease prevention and treatment, and death, so that scientific breeding and experience can be summarized.
5. Fish Disease Prevention
The fish should be sterilized and sterilized within 5 to 7 days before departure. A certain amount of water-soluble vitamins should be added to the water during transport to reduce the stress. The fish should be disinfected before entering the box. During the rearing process, fish diseases should be used. Occurrence of seasons and the growth of fish, in the feed by adding the right amount of Chinese herbal medicine and vitamin mixture, external use of chlorine dioxide, bromine chloride and other disinfectants spilled, do fish disease prevention and control work.
Second, the harvest and benefits
1. Harvest statistics
After 10 months of breeding, they were harvested on the market on December 19, 2007. A total of 10,500 tails were harvested, with an average size of 650 g/tail, a total weight of 6825 kg, and a yield of 48.75 kg/m2. The survival rate was 87. .5%. Coat cages Harvest 1400g of squid, with a specification of 1750g/tail: 200kg of Scales, 200g/tail.
2. Economic benefits
The total income is 82250 yuan, the total cost is 57400 yuan, the profit is 241850 yuan, the unit profit is 155.3 yuan/m3, and the input-output ratio is 1:1.43.
Third, discuss and analyze
1. The net cage has a good effect
Spots and tails? As an export economic fish, the market demand is large, the breeding cycle is short, adaptability is strong, and pests and diseases are few. According to the comparison of the efficiency of our cages' single-solding scorpion fish and stingrays, the net profits of catfish and catfish were the highest. Because the channel catfish cultured in the pond does not meet the market demand, through the promotion of the technology, not only can the supply of the market be guaranteed, the seasonal price spread of the fish can be effectively used, and the filter-feeding and scraping fish can be cultured through the coat cage. Classes can also better protect natural resources, effectively reduce water pollution, and improve the economic benefits of spotting and just nesting.
2. Fish quality is fundamental
High-quality fish species are the material basis for the ecological culture of channel catfish cages. It is necessary to select the species that have been produced by the regular production farms that are qualified for seed production, have domesticated feed, and have good quality spots and tails. These seedlings have high survival rate, fast growth, and strong disease resistance; And other types of fish culture also have to put large-scale healthy seedlings to ensure the survival rate of seedlings.
3. Reasonable nesting of filter and shading fish
The cages are spotted and tailed, and the filter-feeding and predatory fishes that don't compete for food are generally nested. They can make full use of the space in water, the natural food organisms in the water, and spots and tails. The baits, excrements and some powder in the breeding process. The feed can effectively play the role of purifying water, reducing diseases, removing net algae, attaching algae, and exchanging ten water bodies, etc., to achieve the purpose of improving the economic benefits of cage culture.
First, materials and methods
1. Water conditions
The water tanks provided by the cages have convenient transportation, open water surface, quiet environment, sunny shelter, water transparency of 250 m thick or more, pH value of 7.3-8.5, and dissolved oxygen of 6.5-8.5 mg/L. Normal water level average depth of 65 meters, the bottom sediment or mud, the water exchange, water quality is fresh, there will not be a lot of sediment, rapid flow during flood season, the surface water temperature is always 8 ~ 28 °C, water temperature 20 ~ 26 °C time In 185 days, the exchange of water bodies has a strong self-cleaning ability. There are no large wharfs and factories around, and it is not affected by urban sewage discharge, farmland drainage and mountain torrents.
2. Cage setup
The layout of the rigid box corresponds to the flow of water level fluctuations. For ease of management and operation, the cages are set up in a "non-" type frame, and cages are installed on the frame. According to the maximum water level drop in the water area and the impact resistance of storm waves and the requirements of the own weight of the fish row, fixed piles, fixed cables and ancillary facilities shall be provided.
15 days before stocking, the fingerlings (net clothes) shall be soaked, and the net body shall be installed 7 days before stocking, so that the net clothes will be covered with algae and the flesh will be soft and smooth, which will facilitate the entry of the fingerlings into the box. Check whether the mesh is aging, whether the cage is damaged or not, and whether the suture is firm and firm before the cage is under water. The cage specifications are 4 meters 3.5 meters 3.5 meters and 4 meters 4 meters 4.5 meters, rigid clothes can be set as a double-layer net, the inner mesh net 2a = 2.5 cm, the outer layer The mesh of the net is 2a=3.0-4.0 cm, the rigid garment is 50 cm higher than the water, the size of the mouth of the cage matches the frame size, and the upper end of the net is fixed with a polyethylene rope in the frame. On the tube. The box and box are separated by 50 cm. In order to prevent the deformation of the cage, the pre-sanded sandbags are sunk into the bottom corners of the cage. The test box is a double-layer open type net.
3. Fish species stocking
(1) Sources of fingerlings: All of the fish fingerlings are from large-scale fingerlings of 15 to 18 cm in diameter and 50 g/tail, cultivated in Hubei channel catfish barley field, and stocked in the inner box; The box-cultivated filter-feeding and predatory fish fry were from Jianghan semi-precious fish ponds.
(2) Transport and stocking of fingerlings: Select stocks for stocking in spring. The fish species are transported by oxygenated live fish car or oxygen bag. The temperature difference between the place of departure and the destination is less than 5°C. The seedlings are stopped for 2 days before they are shipped. During transportation, the changes of the water temperature and the supply of oxygen are paid attention. The stocking time should be at the lowest temperature. In the morning or when it is raining and cloudy, the entire process before the fish species is put into the box is carried out in water. The stress of the fish species should be reduced as much as possible, and the operations should be light and fast. On February 18, 2007, a total of 12,000 fish species that had been artificially bred were selected for stocking with excellent quality, uniform specifications, robust physique, smooth body surface, and no disease or injury. 50 g/tail catfish, 1200 tail fish, 500 g/tail carp species, 80 g/tail fish, 30 g/tail squamae, 100 g The tail of the koi is 10 tails. As a “signal fish,†Koi is used to detect damage to the box immediately during inspections. Fish species should be washed with 3–5 mg/L povidone iodine for 15–20 minutes before stocking, and soaked in formalin at a concentration of 2‰ to 3‰ for 2–10 hours, then placed in 1 for 10–20 minutes. ~10. Breeding rigid box.
4. Feeding management
In general, after the stocking is fed for 1 to 2 days, the compound feed is fed to the human. The protein content is about 36%, and the feed should be fresh, with the feed amount accounting for 2% to 3% of the fish's body weight, depending on the water temperature, weather, water quality, and The dietary status of the fish was adjusted, with one vote each morning and afternoon, and the feeding and feeding times during the high-temperature and over-winter periods decreased.
The patrol cages observed the number of signal fish and found that the nets were repaired and replaced in a timely manner to prevent fish escape. Check the number of attachments to the box. If there are too many attachments to the cage, affecting the water exchange, you can use manual brushing, flushing the water pressure tap or replacing the cage. Daily management records are made, and foreign records detail the weather, water temperature, daily feed, fish growth, disease prevention and treatment, and death, so that scientific breeding and experience can be summarized.
5. Fish Disease Prevention
The fish should be sterilized and sterilized within 5 to 7 days before departure. A certain amount of water-soluble vitamins should be added to the water during transport to reduce the stress. The fish should be disinfected before entering the box. During the rearing process, fish diseases should be used. Occurrence of seasons and the growth of fish, in the feed by adding the right amount of Chinese herbal medicine and vitamin mixture, external use of chlorine dioxide, bromine chloride and other disinfectants spilled, do fish disease prevention and control work.
Second, the harvest and benefits
1. Harvest statistics
After 10 months of breeding, they were harvested on the market on December 19, 2007. A total of 10,500 tails were harvested, with an average size of 650 g/tail, a total weight of 6825 kg, and a yield of 48.75 kg/m2. The survival rate was 87. .5%. Coat cages Harvest 1400g of squid, with a specification of 1750g/tail: 200kg of Scales, 200g/tail.
2. Economic benefits
The total income is 82250 yuan, the total cost is 57400 yuan, the profit is 241850 yuan, the unit profit is 155.3 yuan/m3, and the input-output ratio is 1:1.43.
Third, discuss and analyze
1. The net cage has a good effect
Spots and tails? As an export economic fish, the market demand is large, the breeding cycle is short, adaptability is strong, and pests and diseases are few. According to the comparison of the efficiency of our cages' single-solding scorpion fish and stingrays, the net profits of catfish and catfish were the highest. Because the channel catfish cultured in the pond does not meet the market demand, through the promotion of the technology, not only can the supply of the market be guaranteed, the seasonal price spread of the fish can be effectively used, and the filter-feeding and scraping fish can be cultured through the coat cage. Classes can also better protect natural resources, effectively reduce water pollution, and improve the economic benefits of spotting and just nesting.
2. Fish quality is fundamental
High-quality fish species are the material basis for the ecological culture of channel catfish cages. It is necessary to select the species that have been produced by the regular production farms that are qualified for seed production, have domesticated feed, and have good quality spots and tails. These seedlings have high survival rate, fast growth, and strong disease resistance; And other types of fish culture also have to put large-scale healthy seedlings to ensure the survival rate of seedlings.
3. Reasonable nesting of filter and shading fish
The cages are spotted and tailed, and the filter-feeding and predatory fishes that don't compete for food are generally nested. They can make full use of the space in water, the natural food organisms in the water, and spots and tails. The baits, excrements and some powder in the breeding process. The feed can effectively play the role of purifying water, reducing diseases, removing net algae, attaching algae, and exchanging ten water bodies, etc., to achieve the purpose of improving the economic benefits of cage culture.
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