Fungal diseases
Gray-brown lesions appeared on the aerial part of Botrytis cinerea plants, and gray-brown fungi formed on the lesions. These fungi were more likely to occur on open wounds. In the cutting bed, if the humidity is high, the risk of infecting the fungus is greater, because the droplets fall on the cuttings, a very small wound is very suitable for fungal breeding.
Downy mildew fungi are easy to find. White fungal hyphae can be seen on the top of the leaves. These fungi spread themselves into circles and can be erased. In the case of severe infections, there are fungal hyphae on the back of the leaves. These spots then turn brown and have dark spots on the top. Usually on the old leaves first onset, the environment will be infected when the humidity is low, especially in the greenhouse outlet. The prevention and control method is: When the air is flowing too fast and when it is relatively dry, the sulfur evaporator is used at night so that the surface of the plants will be covered with a thin layer of sulfur, thus inhibiting the growth of the fungus.
Delos urticae leaf spot produces large and small brown spots on leaves and stems. If further infection occurs, these brown spots will be necrotic. Under the microscope, olive green to black spores can be seen, and white hyphae accumulate. Prevention and control of these fungal infections must do the following: Treat infected plants quickly; use clean water sources and irrigate from the bottom; relative humidity must not exceed 83%.
Fusarium is only found when fungi cover a large part of the plant. This disease originates from the medium, invades the roots, and reaches the top of the plant through the vascular bundle. Once the fungus enters the vascular bundle, the plant begins to show signs of illness: dark spots of growth and leaves, large brown wet rot on the stem, and then dry rot. A few days later, white fungal hyphae appeared outside the stem. Fusarium and Fusarium oxysporum are highly related, because these fungi are expressed as parasites on the transmission pipeline and cannot be controlled once the disease occurs. Producers can only try to ensure hygiene at work.
If Rhizoctonia solani is not treated in time for infected cuttings, infected spots will quickly spread to the entire cutting bed. Rhizoctonia solani infects plants or cuttings where media and air are in contact, and the mulching of cuttings is most susceptible to infection. The control method is to use a clean medium and clean water to quickly treat infected plants.
Pythium fungi are produced by this growth-inhibiting fungus, and part of the adult roots will turn brown and die. The EC value in the basin is stably maintained at a low level, and the medium in the basin cannot be too wet so that such trouble can be completely avoided.
When the cuttings start to turn brown upwards from the surface of the medium for several days, both the medium and the cutting bed must be sprayed with tolclofosin. After the cuttings, the cuttings need to be sprayed again with acetaminophen so that the plants can be protected from diseases.
Fusarium wilt yellow and withered after infection, local browning at the base of the plant, dryness of the epidermis makes the transport channel narrower. Once infected plants are found, they must be disposed of as soon as possible.
The base rot of plants fades and the base of the stem darkens until the leaf axils. If the plants are still standing upright, the next internodes will turn black. The pathogen is related to wet rot, and infected plants have little chance of recovery.
Viral diseases
Tomato spotted Wilt This type of virus is transmitted through thrips and can be identified by alternating dark and light circles on the leaves, while the leaves present a mosaic pattern. If the virus is left untreated, the plant will die quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to quickly dispose of the infected plant, and also to control the thrips.
Impatiens variegatus necrosis resembles tomato spot wilt disease. There is no alternating circle of depths, but there is a mosaic pattern, followed by necrotic spots. Thrumas are also carriers of this type of virus.
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial leaf spot There are two types of bacteria, acute and chronic. If you infect acute bacteria, the leaves will be bleak and dark spots will appear, spread and merge into some big spots. When you open the leaves, you will see blotch-like spots. If you are infected with chronic bacteria, dots appear on the leaves and the leaves around the dots turn yellow. Green out, if the spot gets bigger, the leaves will turn brown and then die. Producers can look at the leaves in three ways to discern such bacteria: the tip of the leaf fades slightly, with yellow edges; with the leaves open, limited black blotch-like spots are faintly visible; the leaves can be seen through the light.
Chronic bacteria usually occur on individual plants, while acute bacteria do not occur on their own. In order to prevent infection, the following measures can be taken: use of healthy mother plant material; relative humidity cannot exceed 83%; irrigation from the bottom to keep the plants dry; remove the infected plants and their surrounding plants quickly.
The infected plants of the sweet pea stalk borer showed the basal shoots and leaves of the plants, and under high humidity and high temperature conditions, the bacteria could grow quickly and spontaneously.
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