Raspberry is a berry fruit tree belonging to the genus Raspberry of the Rosaceae family. It is a plant between shrubs and sub-shrubs. The branches have a lifespan of only 1-2 years. The aerial part consists of 1-2 year old shoots. The underground part consists of rhizomes and laterally adventitious roots. Generally, the two-year-old shoots will die on their own. The fruit is an agglomerated stone fruit, and the number of small kernels of a single fruit can reach more than 90 m. The berries are separated from the receptacles when mature. The tree shrews cultivated in the world as an economy are mainly distributed in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, and a few are found in the mountainous, subtropical and southern hemispheres of the tropics.
Raspberry fruit is rich in nutrients, in addition to a variety of sugars (total sugar content of 2.40% 10.67%), organic acids (0.62%-9%), amino acids, but also contains a variety of vitamins, pectin, superoxidation Dismutase (SOD) and minerals such as potassium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc. The amino acid content of raspberry is higher than that of apples and grapes. There are as many as 19 kinds of common amino acids. It contains higher levels than existing fruits and other wild fruit trees. Vitamin E, SOD, and aminobutyric acid, berry free radical scavengers and other anti-aging substances.
In particular, the anti-cancer substance rich in tantalic acid. The fruit of raspberry also contains flavonoids, phenolic acids and other substances. The fruit of raspberry with obvious anti-cardiovascular function can be processed into natural fruit juice, fruit juice beverage, fruit wine, jam, canned and frozen fruit products in addition to raw food.
Materials and Method
1.1 There are 8 raspberry varieties used in the material test, namely: Autumn Fruit Red Raspberry No. 18, Autumn Fruit Red Raspberry No. 28, Xiahong Raspberry No. 36, Xiahong Raspberry No. 39, Black Raspberry No. 47, Purple Raspberry No. 54, Black No. 60, Blackberry No. 64. The test site was the Beichen District Experimental Site of the Department of Horticultural Plants of the Tianjin Agricultural College and the Pixian Experimental Site.
1.2 Methods
Select the above 8 raspberry varieties, each roo strain, for the test; selected plants are strong, grow well, no pests and diseases. In April 2009, the test plants were planted at the Beichen test site and the Pixian experimental site. Planting spacing 20 Cm, row spacing 40 Cm. 50 plants were planted in each cold-proof mode at each test point, and 10 plants per row were treated with 1 treatment. Planting 5 was repeated 5 times. After watering, the plant survival rate was 100%.
The wintering and cold-proofing treatments included three planting methods: wintering in open fields, wintering in buried soils, and wintering and cold-proofing in greenhouses.
1.2.1 Overwintering in the open field In the month of 2009, the raspberries cultivated in open field fields were overwintered without any overwintering treatment. In February 2010, a survey of plant sampling was conducted. In March 2010, all the branches of the raspberry were cut off, leaving only the roots. The survival and shoot growth were observed in April and May 2010.
1.2.2 buried cold
In November 2009, the raspberries cultivated in open fields were deducted from the roots and necks of the rachis, and the root neck and the following parts were buried and protected against cold. Each plant cover soil thickness 20cm. In April 2010, the cover soil was removed and watered; in May, the survival and shoot growth were observed.
1.2.3 Protecting the cold in greenhouses In November 2009, the raspberries planted in greenhouses were covered with sheds and protected from cold and overwintering. The survival and shoot growth were observed in April and May 2010. 2 Results and analysis 2.1 The relationship between different cold protection measures and tree good draws Table 1 shows that the raspberry plants exposed to the ground have severe pullout conditions, the draw rate reaches 100%, and the raspberry is buried in the cold and covered with cold to protect the raspberry. The plants did not find signs of drawing. This is due to the fact that winter in northern China is cold and there is little snow, and the soil moisture is frozen, so that the shallow distribution of raspberry roots can not absorb water. At this time, it is during the periods of dry and windy weather, the transpiration intensity of branches is large, resulting in water absorption in the roots. The serious water loss in the shoots, and the phenomenon of physiological drought, that is, draw. Therefore, the phenomenon of winter planting in Tianjin is very common.
After late trimming, the raspberry that had been strung was trimmed to the root and neck. Because the underground root neck and roots are still alive, and the ability of the raspberry to sprout, the 98% of raspberry plants will sprout and grow again in the spring of the second year.
The survival rate of the remaining winter raspberry was 100% under the other two cold prevention measures. This shows that the tree screen has strong cold resistance, and it can be safely overwintered in the Tianjin area through simple cold-proof treatment, which is suitable for introduction and expansion.
2.2 The effect of different cold-proof measures on the time and growth of shoots
Different cold protection measures have a significant influence on the budding time of the tree screen. In the shed, the winter saplings began to sprout on March 1st, and the raspberries that had been buried in the cold began to sprout on March 18th. Finally, the raspberries that bloomed in the open season sprouted on April 6. Therefore, the difference in the germination time between the cultivation of the greenhouse and the planting of the open field raspberry was 1 month. The method of planting the open field without cold-proof measures and the cold-proof method of the open field buried the time difference of the raspberry sprouting time by two weeks.
Different cold-proof measures have a more significant effect on the growth length of raspberry shoots. The average length of branches in the raspberry branches in the greenhouse is 60.02 cm, while the length of the submerged branches in the buried winter is 3.35 cm. The raspberry tip length is only 1.72 cm. Therefore, the berry phenology period in winter in the greenhouse is significantly advanced, the budding period is advanced by one month, the shoot growth is large, and the plant growth is rapid, which provides the raspberry product to the morning market. may. The raspberry, which has been buried in cold weather and exposed to the ground for winter, can also grow normally after winter, which is a more economical way of planting.
2.3 shoot growth of different tree species
In the wintering under the measures of burying cold, the 36th and 28th trees showed good growth, and the average growth rate of branch shoots had reached 6.03 cm and 5.22 cm, which was 2 4 times of the other varieties; wintering in the greenhouse The raspberries No. 47 and No. 39 showed good growth, and their branch shoot growth reached an average of 87.71 cm and 80.12 cm, which was 2-3 times that of the other varieties. Therefore, under the same cultivation conditions, the growth of different varieties is also quite different.
2.4 Effect of Different Cold Protection Measures on Shoot Growth of the Same Varieties
Figure 1 shows that different cold protection measures have a significant impact on shoot growth of raspberries of the same species. The largest difference is on the 47th. The number of shoots grown on the 47 th raspberry in the greenhouse is 88 cm, and the cold is buried in the winter. The shoot growth was 2.1 cm; the number of branch shoots grown in the 47 grape vines was 41.9 times that of shoots cultivated in the open field. The tree shrub with the smallest gap is the 28th shroud, both of which reach 10 times. This shows that the growth of tree shrews that have been overwintering in the greenhouse is ahead of schedule, and that the city has been fully prepared for its products.
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