Which fertilizers are allowed to use at GAP base

First, the type of fertilizer allowed

(I) Farmyard Fertilizer

Farmyard manure is a natural fertilizer sourced locally in rural areas. It contains a large amount of organic matter, and contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements. Long-term application can increase the soil pellet structure and improve the properties of good soil. The water retention, fertility retention, and aeration of soils are particularly suitable for perennial medicinal plants and root and root medicinal plants. Common farm manures include manure, livestock manure, manure, compost, manure, methane tank fertilizer, cake manure, poultry manure, and grass ash. However, the farmer's fertilizer must not be contaminated, and should be fully fermented and cooked during application.

(b) Green manure

Green manure is the fertilizer made by the green and tender plants directly overturning or cutting piles. Legume green manure can fix nitrogen in the atmosphere and enrich phosphorus and potassium in the soil. There are abundant green manure resources in China. There are more than 200 kinds of green color plants that have been cultivated, utilized and cultivated, and are important natural fertilizer sources to be exploited and utilized in GAP planting of Chinese herbal medicines. In the southern provinces of China, we mainly cultivated Ziyunying, cauliflower, arrow peas, radishes, and broad beans, peas and rapeseed as the main sources of fertilizers in the winter-free fields. In northern provinces, there are mostly green ginseng crops. Arrow peas, grass rhinoceros, mung bean and so on. When the green manure is applied, since organic acids will be produced, lime is applied in an appropriate amount to neutralize these organic acids.

(three) stalk fertilizer

Stalk manure is one of the important sources of organic manure. Crop stalks contain a considerable amount of nutrients that may be necessary for the crop. Under suitable conditions, nutrients can be returned to the soil through the action of soil microorganisms or livestock digestion. Medicinal plant plants It is absorbed and used as straw. Straw returning can be carried out in various forms such as stacking, returning land to the field (livestock excrement), direct overturning, and returning to the field. During operation, the straw should be directly plunged into the soil, pay attention to fully mix with the soil, do not produce roots overhead phenomenon, and add nitrogen-rich human and animal urine, also can use some nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the ratio of carbon to nitrogen after returning to 20: 1.

(4) Commodity organic fertilizer

Fertilizers made from animal and plant residues, excrement, and biological waste.

(v) Humic acid dung fertilizer

Humic acid is a macromolecule organic compound produced by the action of microorganisms caused by the action of animal and plant residues. It is widely found in soil and peat, and is made of natural resources containing humic acid as the main raw material, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. Nutrients and certain trace elements have the effect of improving soil properties, optimizing soil structure, improving plant nutrition, and stimulating plant growth. Can be used as basal fertilizer and topdressing, but also soaked, seeded and rooted. Common humic acid fertilizers include ammonium humate, phosphorus humate, potassium humate, sodium humate, calcium humate, and humic acid nitrogen and phosphorus.

(6) Microbial Fertilizers

The active microbial preparations produced by specific microbial strains are non-toxic and harmless to the environment. It can improve the nutrition or hormone production of medicinal plants through microbiological activities and promote the growth of plants. It has obvious effects on reducing the nitrate content of Chinese medicinal materials and improving the quality of Chinese medicinal materials. Microbial fertilizers are currently divided into five categories: 1 microbial compound fertilizers. The symbiosis system of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, activated-potassium bacteria, and activated-phosphorus bacteria are the main symbiotic systems. They do not antagonize each other and can increase the level of nutrient supply in the soil. It is an ideal source of fertilizer for producing pollution-free green Chinese medicinal materials. 2 nitrogen fertilizer. It can fix nitrogen in the soil and in the rhizosphere of medicinal plants to provide nitrogen nutrition for medicinal plants. 3 rhizobia fertilizer. It can increase the nitrogen supply in the rhizosphere soil. 4 phosphorus bacterial fertilizer. It can convert insoluble phosphate in soil into available phosphorus, and improve phosphorus nutrition in soil. 5 phosphate fertilizer. Can decompose mica, feldspar and other potassium-containing phosphate and apatite in the soil and release potassium nutrition.

(7) Organic Compound Fertilizer

Organic and inorganic substances are mixed or compounded. For example, after the harmless treatment of poultry manure, add appropriate amounts of zinc, manganese, boron and other trace elements made of fertilizer.

(h) Inorganic (mineral) fertilizers

Including mineral potassium and potassium sulfate, mineral phosphorous powder, calcined phosphate rock salt, powdered sulphur fertilizer (appropriate application in alkaline soil), limestone (limited application in acid soil).

(9) Foliar fertilizer

Foliar dressings must not contain chemically synthesized growth regulators. The permitted foliar fertilizers include trace element fertilizers, ie fertilizers formulated with trace elements such as copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, and beneficial elements. The use of such fertilizers should pay attention to the selection of the appropriate concentration and dosage, and in the case of ensuring fertilizer efficiency and efficacy, it can be combined with spraying pests and pesticides.

(10) Plant growth auxiliary substances fertilizer

Such as the use of natural organic extracts or inoculation of beneficial bacteria fermentation broth, add some humic acid, alginic acid, amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients formulated fertilizer.

(11) Other Fertilizers Allowed for Use

Foods that do not contain synthetic additives, organic by-products of textile industrial products, and fertilizers made from organic substances that do not contain preservatives such as fish residue, cattle wool waste, bone meal, amino acid residues, livestock processing waste, sugar factory waste, and municipal solid waste. Before use, it must be detoxified and used before reaching the standard. The limit of the amount of viscous soil per hectare of farmland per year is not more than 45 tons, and the sandy soil is not more than 30 tons.

Second, limit the use of chemical fertilizers

The "GAP" (Chinese Agricultural Material Quality Management Practice) (GAP) also requires that soil fertility and soil biological activity be maintained or increased during the fertilization process while limiting the nitrate content of commercial medicinal materials. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will cause the accumulation of nitrite in commercial medicine and convert it into a strong carcinogen, ammonium nitrite. At the same time, it will loosen the medicine material and cause diseases. The excessive nitrogen content in medicinal fruits will also promote rot. It is not easy to preserve. However, the production of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines is not absolutely without chemical fertilizers (nitrate nitrogen fertilizers should be banned), but on the basis of large-scale application of organic fertilizers, according to the law of demand for fertilizers for medicinal plants, scientific and rational use of chemical fertilizers, and the use of limited quantities. In principle, chemical fertilizers should be used in combination with organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers, and can be used as base fertilizers or top dressings. The ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen should be 1:1 (about the proportion of 1,000 kg of glutinous rice and 20 kg of urea). Deactivated 30 days before harvest.

In addition, be careful with urban waste fertilizer. All kinds of fertilizers must be approved by the relevant state departments before they can be used.

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