Abstract: In the development of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery and tools, the promotion and application of grain drying machinery in Shuyang County has sprung up in a short period of five years, from 2 to 189 units, especially after the rapid development period in 2007, with the quantity in the province and even in the province. Leading the country, for this purpose, special research is conducted on the development of this new type of agricultural machinery.
Keywords: grain drying, research, promotion, application
Puyang County is an agricultural county in Anhui Province, and also a large agricultural county. It has convenient transportation and is a grain processing and production area in the Yangtze River Basin. The county has an agricultural population of 860,000 and a cultivated area of ​​870,000 mu. The rice planting area (double season) is 1.195 million mu, and the total grain output is 490,000 tons. In 2009, the county's total power was 400,000 kilowatts, including 74 large and medium-sized tractors, 88 rice transplanters, and 168 combine harvesters. There are 189 dryers, and the number of high-performance work machines and processing machines has increased significantly. The area of ​​machine-plowing operation is 105.5 thousand hectares, of which rice is 79.3 thousand hectares, reaching 75%, the machine-planting area is 3.32 thousand hectares, and the machine-receiving area is 51.06 thousand hectares. The agricultural machinery service function is gradually improved.
In recent years, in the development of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery, the promotion and application of grain drying machinery has sprung up. In just five years, it has grown from 2 to 189 units, especially after the rapid development period in 2007, with the quantity in the province and even the whole country. Leading the way, for this purpose, special research was conducted on the development of this new type of agricultural machinery.
1. Basic situation of grain drying machinery
Located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Puyang County is a provincial-level commodity grain base county with a total crop area of ​​about 100,000 hectares. It is mainly based on rice production, supplemented by other crops. Grain production and grain processing are the main industries for agricultural production. There are 741 large grain farms with a population of more than 100 mu. The county has 189 grain dryers, mainly based on the brands of “Sanjiuâ€, “Shanbenâ€, “Gold†and “Jinxiâ€.
2. Development process of grain drying machinery
The development of grain drying machinery in the county can be broadly described as “point-to-face, leap-forward developmentâ€. In the 1980s, the grain processing plants affiliated to the county grain department purchased two units. Later, in 2005, 15 grass-roots grain stations successively purchased 39. The set is mainly based on the “Sanjiu†brand, which laid the foundation for the development of the grain dryer in the county.
It is worth mentioning that the development of grain dryers in Chenyao Lake Town of the county. The development of large-scale agricultural machinery such as the grain drying machinery in the town began in 2005. At present, the town has 43 large-scale combine harvesters and 115 various types of grain drying machines. In 2007 alone, 36 sets were added, and 36,000 mu of farmland was booked. Farmers contracted 360,000 mu of cultivated land outside the town. There are 40 processing factories, and the households with high investment in agricultural machinery have reached 1 million yuan, and generally have 20,000 yuan and 3,000 yuan. In the whole town of 40 grain processing factories, every family operates drying business, and many of them have 6 grain drying machines.
With the development and rise of the grain processing industry, the township grain processing industry in other major grain-producing areas of the county is not far behind. The food in recent years such as Hengyu Town, Tanggou Town, Jinshe Township, Laozhou Town and Zhoutan Town Processing has also developed rapidly. In 2009, the five townships and towns added 24 grain dryers (sets) and 22 grain processing plants. The expansion of the grain processing industry has gradually increased, which has led to the development of grain processing in towns such as Fushan, Qianqiao, Yijin and Guanyuqiao. Some grain processing plants in these townships have purchased grain dryers.
It can be seen that the reason why the county can operate the grain industry on such a large scale is inseparable from the promotion and application of agricultural machinery, especially grain drying machinery.
3. Benefits of grain drying machinery
3.1, comprehensively improved labor efficiency. Agricultural machinery has changed the traditional farming mode. For thousands of years, farmers have relied on artificial cattle to cultivate. Not only are they labored, they suffer hard, but they also have low work efficiency. One cow can make an acre of land a day, and one person can only plant one acre a day, or When harvesting an acre, the "double grab" is very tense. When it comes to farming, it will delay the farm time. When it rains, it will watch the rice rot in the field, or pile it up on the field after harvesting. Let it be mildewed. The county is located along the Yangtze River, with heavy water and moisture, and the surface is wet all the year round. It is not conducive to mass storage of food. Grain processing and storage is a big problem. The county and county governments have repeatedly asked the grain and agricultural machinery departments to effectively solve the problem of food storage technology. The grain drying machine basically solves the problem of grain storage. The grain drying machine can dry more than 20 tons a day. The extremely high work efficiency solves the problem of agricultural time, especially the problems of rice rot and mildew.
3.2, significantly reduced production costs. The grain dryer can reduce the moisture of 20 tons of rice from 20 points to 16 points a day, only cost more than 500 yuan, but by artificially turning to the same level, it takes 8 labors to turn over the sun for more than three days. More than 1,400 yuan, but also need to invest more than 150,000 yuan to build more than 400 square meters of cement drying. With the use of dryers to improve energy and further reduce costs, in the past, using kerosene as fuel, 20 tons of rice drying requires fuel costs of 900-1400 yuan, and now basically use rice husks, firewood, orange poles as fuel, It only takes 200-300 yuan for every 20 tons of rice to be dried, which is also beneficial to environmental protection. In the past, grain processing enterprises used to pile up the main rice husks except for incineration, and let them rot, seriously affecting the production of surrounding residents. life.
3.3. Promote intensive farming faster. The traditional artificial cattle power is low, and a labor force can only plant seven or eight acres of land in a year. The agricultural machinery provides strong stamina and effective support for large-scale farming with its huge power. The main grain production areas of the county basically use machinery from the aspects of land preparation, transplanting, harvesting, threshing, transportation, drying, etc., and one labor force manages hundreds of acres of fields, more than enough, which is conducive to the concentration of farmland to large grain farmers, intensive Business management creates conditions. Taking Chenyao Lake Town of the county as an example, after the second round of land contracting, some farmers went out to work, and the land was seriously abandoned. At this time, some savvy grain farmers took the initiative to use the paid use method to rent, just started, the contracting cost was low, and the contracted area was also Less, but the income is very good in one year. After the contractors first repaid their sweetness, they rented a large area. Some villages have a competitive rent situation. If the local fields are not enough rent, they will develop to neighboring towns and villages. In recent years, they have already moved to Jiangsu. Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces and cities and provinces all over the country, the contract price is about 300 yuan / acre, according to the town's agricultural sector statistics, only 2009 large grain farmers in the town outside the town's total contracted area reached 420,000 acres It is equivalent to more than 10 times of the cultivated land in the town. These grain fields are concentrated in the hands of large grain growers, which is conducive to the application of large-scale agricultural machinery. It can be said that these large grain farmers are basically large agricultural machinery, and the average household has more than 400,000 yuan of agricultural machinery. With.
3.4. Greatly promoted the development of leading enterprises in the agricultural industry. Agricultural machinery has promoted large-scale farming, and large-scale farming has provided sufficient resources for grain processing. There are 66 grain processing enterprises in the county, 2 provincial-level leading enterprises, and 5 leading enterprises at the city and county level. Taking Chenyao Lake Town as an example, the whole town produces annually. About 150,000 tons of grain, of which about half of the grain outside the town is returned to the town. Such a large amount of grain needs to be quickly dried and processed, which provides an opportunity for the development of grain drying and grain processing. At present, the town has 40 There are 115 grain drying machines and 46 sets of large-scale grain processing machines. The grain processing industry has become the leading industry of the town. It basically forms a production, supply and sales of grain production. The processed fine rice is exported to Guangdong. Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, etc. Food processing not only increases the added value of food, but also solves the employment of thousands of people; not only solves the worries of large grain growers, but also drives local economic development; it not only improves the enthusiasm of farmers for growing grain, but also facilitates the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure; Not only has the county's grain processing successfully transitioned from extensive processing to finishing, but also provided strong driving force for the county's grain to brand and march to the whole country. Most of the county's grain processing has obtained the National Industrial Product Production License (QS). Certification, and some also registered their own trademarks, such as "Chen Yaohu", "皖飞", "Floating", "Xuyang", these have become the brand rice of our county, and some have passed the "green food" certification. In order to increase the value of food production, the county has actively explored the food deep processing industry and established the largest yellow wine factory in the province. Three rice noodle factories are under construction, and the development of these industries extends the industrial chain of grain production.
3.5. Accelerate the farmers in the county to get rich. The wide application of agricultural machinery, the benefits brought by the grain industry to the farmers in the county every year is very obvious, mainly in: expanding the employment of farmers, it is estimated that only grain processing, to solve the employment of more than 3,000 farmers every year; with motivation, machine broadcasting and other agricultural machinery Service income, the county is engaged in agricultural machinery cross-regional operation income of 20 million yuan per year; promote rural labor transfer, establish other industries, go out to work, create benefits; reduce farming costs, increase labor productivity, save resources, reduce waste; increase local fiscal revenue, Food processing has become a pillar of fiscal revenue.
4. Promote the application of grain dryers
The promotion and application of grain dryers have achieved remarkable results in the county. Both economic and social benefits are obvious. In summary, the promotion work in recent years is mainly from the following aspects:
First, actively strive for the support of superiors and actively cooperate with relevant departments. For the grain counties, rice production is the focus of the county's agricultural work. In order to promote the mechanized harvesting of rice, in 1997, the County Agricultural Machinery Bureau, with the strong support of the higher authorities, purchased an imported semi-feed harvester. The county government held a machine-receiving site meeting, which produced a great sensation at that time. Since then, the county's machine harvest has kicked off. The number of large-scale combine harvesters has increased year by year, and the machine-receiving area has accounted for more than 90% of the area. Since 2005, the county has implemented the promotion of mechanical planting technology, and has held a machine-in-the-site meeting every year. The rice direct seeding machine and rice transplanter have been used in large scale in the county in recent years. For the promotion and application of grain dryers, it has been subject to the county government. Emphasis was placed on appropriate arrangements for the promotion of funds, and in 2008 the government budget was included in the beginning of the year. In the promotion and application of agricultural machinery, the county agricultural machinery bureau took the initiative to cooperate with the agronomy, food, environmental protection and other departments, and obtained strong support from these departments.
Second, the implementation of purchase subsidies as a means to introduce and promote the use of grain dryers. After the county agricultural machinery bureau organized a survey, it is believed that the focus of food production follow-up work is the application of dryers, which is also the top priority of grain production. To this end, in the 2005 comprehensive development of agricultural subsidies for the purchase of subsidies of 120,000 yuan, mobilize projects The district arranged a subsidy of 30,000 yuan for the dryer. At that time, there was a grain processing enterprise in the project area, which was guilty of food storage. A large number of acquisitions could not be stored. It was difficult to develop without acquiring the enterprise. After the county agricultural machinery bureau was informed, the responsible person of the project area was organized. Wuwei was a food production enterprise to inspect the application of the dryer, and actively contacted the dryer dealers. The two dryers were introduced and put into use in less than one month. In 2006, the company invested 2 sets of its own. The processing plant has become a large local grain processing enterprise. In 2007, the county's cereal dryer development peak period, an increase of more than 150 units, in 2007, the 1.3 million yuan in the central purchase subsidy funds arranged nearly 600,000 yuan, in 2008, 2009 to maximize the support of grain dryer development.
The third is to actively carry out technical guidance. In order to make the grain dryer scientific, effective and safe to use, in October 2007, the county held a training course on grain dryer technical operation in Chenyaohu Town. The technicians of the grain dryer production enterprise were invited to give lectures. Each grain processing enterprise selected two operations. The technicians participated, and after the class, the operators were sent to the site to give hands-on guidance, so that each participant can be mastered. For each participating technical trainer, they also required to participate in the agricultural machinery professional skill appraisal to ensure the safe operation of the grain dryer.
The fourth is to do a good job in service. The county agricultural machinery bureau formed a technical service team to go deep into the farmers to conduct investigations and services, provide services for the normal production of grain dryers; do information work on grain production, provide relevant information to grain processing enterprises in a timely manner; provide food for large grain growers Dry information to ensure that the grain produced by large grain growers can be quickly and dryly stored; provide sales information for the grain processing industry and large grain growers.
5, there are problems and suggestions
5.1, grain dryer operators lack of technology, can only be simple operation, in the event of a major failure, it is necessary to wait for the production company to send home repairs, time-consuming and laborious, it is recommended that the superior agricultural machinery promotion department should form a professional and technical personnel to operate the system Training to improve the technical level of operators.
5.2. Grain dryer is a new type of agricultural machinery and non-universal agricultural machinery. It is difficult to arrange consumable parts in time, affecting grain processing and product quality. Most of the main products are imported from Japan and other countries. As soon as possible, it will be included in the management of general agricultural machinery and reduce the loss of purchasers.
5.3. With the acceleration of rural land circulation and the shifting of labor and urbanization, grain production, processing and sales will gradually develop intensively, and the application of grain dryers will be further expanded. Agricultural machinery and food-related departments should actively plan ahead, both Conducive to development, but also to prevent excess, scientific development.
5.4. The grain dryer fuel currently used in the market cannot be diversified, mainly depending on the hot blast stove. The use of rice husks, firewood and orange stalks cannot be carried out by coal or electricity. The production enterprises should conduct research in multiple directions, and the hot blast stove can adapt. Different user requirements.
5.5. Due to the large investment of grain dryers, the 12-ton type is taken as an example. Each one is basically more than 120,000. Each household generally purchases 4-5 units at a time. The investment is large, and the state should increase the subsidy. Increase the amount of subsidies.