On the banks of Poyang Lake in July, the rice flowers are fragrant, and the heavy ears of the grain glow in the sunlight. The national double-season super rice green quality improvement technology integration demonstration site will be held in Jiangxi Chengxin Farm. Wang Hanzhong, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and experts and scholars from some provinces and cities of the country attended the meeting.
With the development of society, people's expectations for rice are not only high-yield, high-quality, but more demanding is healthy and green. This is also the main direction of rice research in China. The national double-season super rice green quality-enhancing technology integration model was completed by the research team led by China National Rice Research Institute. It is mainly aimed at the low degree of mechanization of double-season rice production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the large amount of pesticides and fertilizers, varieties and cultivation techniques. Under the guidance of “good breeding, good combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, increasing production and increasing efficiency, and coordinating production ecologyâ€, we will achieve double-season rice festivals around the six links of variety, breeding, planting, fertilization, irrigation and plant protection. Green quality and efficiency.
Crack mechanized planting bottlenecks
Mechanized planting is the bottleneck of mechanized production of double-season rice. The proportion of mechanized planting of double-season rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is less than 20%, far lower than the 45% level of rice planting in the country. At the same time, the emergence of poor seedlings, low uniformity, rotten buds and dead seedlings, etc., are common problems among rice farmers in rice transplanting.
In response to the demand for rice technology transformation, the research team carried out innovative research on the technology model of double-season rice mechanization production, researched and developed the technology of stacking seedlings and raising seedlings, and established the first modern intelligent stacking and breeding center in Jiangxi Province in Chengxin Farm to crack the rice transplanting seedlings. The bottleneck will increase the level of double-season rice machine insertion.
In the professional nursery emergence center, complete the seedling bed soil or substrate preparation, seed soaking and disinfection, germination treatment, water line seeding, stacking, heat preservation and moisturizing emergence. Chen Huizhe, a researcher at the China National Rice Research Institute, told reporters that by selecting excellent varieties, breeding substrate, advanced seeding equipment, intelligent seedling room, suitable temperature and humidity control, etc., the key technology of breeding is in place, and the emergence of seedlings is neat, and the emergence time of early rice can be 2~4 days in advance. The seedling rate is increased by 15~20%, which is conducive to the cultivation of strong and strong. At present, the nursery center can plant 20,000 ticks per day, and the annual breeding capacity is 20,000 to 30,000 mu.
In addition, the team will develop the breeding substrate, the mulch film, the biodegradable rug blanket, the precision ultra-dilute hole equipment, the side-deep fertilization seedling transplanting machine, the three-arm high-speed transplanting equipment, the mechanical precision live broadcast machine, and the double-season rice. A number of key technologies and equipment, such as machine insertion and straw deep-turning, are integrated and applied to break through the bottleneck of mechanized production in key areas of rice, providing technical support for the mechanization of rice, and achieving efficient production of the cost.
Scientific weight loss and medicine reduction guarantee stable production and high yield
With the promotion of the “two reductions†action, the reduction of fertilizer and pesticide use is the direction of rice production in the future, but simply reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer will bring about a reduction in production risk. To this end, the research team in the fertilization, irrigation, plant protection and other links, integrated green and efficient production mode of weight loss and drug reduction without reducing production, saving labor and effort, light and easy operation, to achieve efficient and rational use of double-season rice water and fertilizer resources.
China's rice production and fertilization adopts the traditional method of spreading. The data show that under the same production level and planting mode, the nitrogen fertilizer consumption in rice production in China is 60%-80% higher than other countries, resulting in cost increase, resource waste and environmental pollution. To this end, the researchers developed a deep-fertilization technique for rice transplanting in the rice machine. In the rice transplanting, the fertilization was carried out near the machine transplanted seedlings. The fertilizer was quantitatively positioned and used accurately to improve the fertilizer utilization rate, and it has the advantages of fertilizer saving, labor saving and high yield. Compared with traditional rice fertilization methods, this technology can reduce the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer by 10%, increase the utilization rate of fertilizer by 5%~8%, and increase yield by 5%~10%. In addition, the model of densification and nitrogen reduction has been developed, increasing the basic seedling number and planting density by 15-20%, reducing the nitrogen fertilizer application rate by about 20%, and optimizing the population structure to compensate for the yield loss caused by nitrogen reduction and increasing the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate. About 5%, while increasing production by 5%, to achieve density, weight loss, quality and efficiency.
In the aspect of irrigation, water-saving and aeration irrigation technology is adopted, combined with rice field machinery to ditch, saving the cost of trenching, implementing rice field aeration and aeration, increasing the oxygen in the rice field during the tillering stage, and increasing the oxygen in the field during the ineffective tillering period. The long-earning and the filling stage alternately increase the oxygen by dry and wet, achieving water saving of 20%.
China's machine-inserted rice generally needs to be closed before weaning, mechanically transplanted, and inserted and weeded. The closed herbicide controlled release granules developed by researchers can also be applied at the same time during mechanical transplanting, and weeding in a certain time after machine insertion. The agent and the greening and splitting fertilizer are released again, and the herbicide efficiency and effect are improved, the farmland operation time is reduced, and the labor saving is saved.
In the prevention and control of pests and diseases, the research team mainly focuses on the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the key links of rice production, integrating the "three prevention and two control", "one dip two spray", "plug and play", "Atai Ling" and other rice The whole process of pests and diseases will simplify the green prevention and control technology, reduce the amount of medication and the number of medications, protect and cultivate natural enemies, and achieve super rice green production.
The integrated demonstration effect significantly achieves green production and efficiency
The cooperation between Jiangxi Chengxin Farm and the China Rice Research Institute on the bank of Poyang Lake has a long history. The dual-season super rice green quality and efficiency integration technology is used in this demonstration production, which also promotes the farm's demand from food production to meet the “quantity†demand. Pursue green ecological sustainability and pay more attention to meeting the “quality†demand transformation.
According to Zheng Houliang, the head of Chengxin Farm, the average yield of early rice in the past two years was 383.8 kg/mu, and the high-yield year reached 417.2 kg/mu. In 2018, the farm introduced high-quality high-yield varieties such as Zhongzao 39, Zhongjiazao 17, and Lingliangyou 726, which are suitable for mechanized production. Through the innovation of stacked seedlings, the improvement of mechanical planting technology, the improvement of fertilization and irrigation mode, and the application of green prevention and control technology. Such as technology integration and optimization, the dual-season super rice mechanized production demonstration area of ​​more than 300 acres, of which 39 machines in the early morning transplant 200 acres, Zhongjia early 17 mechanical precision points live 100 acres. In 2018, in the case of large-scale lodging of ordinary rice farmers in early rice, the super-early rice green quality-enhancing technology integrated demonstration showed normal growth and showed high yield.
According to the preliminary measurement of the site, the average yield per mu of the high-yield demonstration area can reach 560.0 kg, and the live broadcast demonstration field yields 537.3 kg per mu, which is 142.8 kg/mu and 120.1 kg/mu higher than the average yield per mu of the high-yield annual rice. The minimum purchase price of japonica rice is 2.40 yuan/kg, which will increase production and increase efficiency by 342.7 yuan/mu and 288.2 yuan/mu. Excluding the change of planting pattern, the production materials and service costs will increase by about 20~60 yuan/mu, and the machine insert can increase efficiency by 282.7. Yuan/mu, the live broadcast of the machine increased efficiency by 268.2 yuan/mu. In addition, the demonstration of the double-season rice green quality-enhancing technology model can achieve about 18% reduction of chemical fertilizers, reduction of chemical pesticides once, reduction of more than 30%, and water-saving irrigation by 20%.