Blood worm disease is a disease caused by parasitoids of blood clusters. The blood worm is a sporeworm, belonging to the genus of the true worm, the family of the genus Blood. Blood tufts inhabit parasites, turtle blood cells, liver cells, and Kupffer cells, and multiply.
(A) The pathogenic blood worms. According to Chai Jianyuan et al. (1990), six species of blood worms have been found in the bodies of crickets and turtles in China. Taking Chinese blood tufts as an example, in the body of Chinese sturgeon, it is divided into three stages: 1 The schizonts in the tissues matured in liver Kupffer cells are ovoid or spherical, with a size of 17.92-18.24 μm 14.84-15.24 μm It produces 15-20 merozoites and the merozoites are short rods. 2 The proliferation of schizonts in deep blood occurs in the erythrocytes of the hepatic sinusoids, and the schizonts have X-type and Y-type, both of which are similar in size and shape, all of which are columnar; the X-type schizont produces 1 4- The 18 merozoites are wedge-shaped; the Y-schizont produces 4-8 large merozoites, which are rod-shaped. The female gametocytes are kidney-shaped, the male gametocytes are comma-shaped, and the tail has a small tail. 3 The early schizonts in the peripheral blood cells are broadly kidney-shaped, producing 6-12 merozoites, and the merozoites are banana-shaped; the mid-schizonts produce 6-10 merozoites; the late schizonts produce 2 Merozoites. The gametocytes are derived from the Y-type merozoites, which are intermediate stages in the development of the next-generation merozoites to the next generation of merozoites. Trionyx sinensis is the intermediate host of Chinese blood worms.
Cockroaches are the terminal hosts of the Chinese blood worms. After the clams suck blood from diseased clams, the Chinese blood worms develop in the gastrointestinal tract of the gills, including gametogenesis and spore reproduction. The gametogenesis is characterized by the first fusion of the amphoteric gametocytes, followed by gametogenesis, and the production of four male gamete nuclei, in which one nuclear and female gametes are fertilized to form a zygote nucleus. Spore reproduction started with the nuclear division of the mononuclear oocysts, and eventually formed the mature oocysts of eight prokaryotic spores and released the sporozoites.
(II) Epidemic situation According to the report of Chai Jianyuan et al. (1990), 248 Chinese sturgeons, 40 turtles, 25 yellow-edge shell turtles and 2 flat-faced turtles were dissected and dissected, but only in flat-faced turtles (because only 2 were examined). Blood cluster insects were found. The remaining three species of turtles and turtles had parasitoids. Among them, the infection rate of Chinese sturgeon was 83.9%, and the infection intensity was 19.7%. (Infection intensity was calculated as the number of infected red blood cells in 1 000 red blood cells. ). From May to September each year, the infection rate and infection intensity of blood tufts show a peak, which is due to the active movement of the host and the result of the vigorous proliferation of blood clusters. Although there have been no reports of cases that caused the death of a large number of turtles and turtles, the development of the aphid and turtle breeding industry will probably become a serious disease if no attention is paid to it.
(C) symptoms The current infection intensity is not yet high, the highest is only 19.7%, so the appearance does not see the symptoms, from the blood stained film can be seen, infected red blood cells are often full of blood worms, red blood cells are pushed to the side of the core The cells are severely swollen and deformed and lose their normal physiological functions; especially when the blood tufts undergo fission in the red blood cells, they cause a large number of red blood cells to disintegrate. Numerous red blood cells appear in the peripheral blood, which is a kind of compensatory hyperplasia. . On the surface of leukocytes, many pseudopodia are often seen, suggesting an increase in their physiological activity.
(d) Diagnose the blood of diseased turtles and turtles for smears. Stain with Jamesa or stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observe with a microscope.
(e) Preventive measures
(1) Remove excess sludge from the bottom of the tank and disinfect it.
(2) Found that turtles and turtles have fish parasites. In time, they should be sucked with old luffa pectin. After the blood is solidified, it is put into the pool to attract fish, and the fish is crushed to death. Prevention).
(f) Treatment has not been studied.
(A) The pathogenic blood worms. According to Chai Jianyuan et al. (1990), six species of blood worms have been found in the bodies of crickets and turtles in China. Taking Chinese blood tufts as an example, in the body of Chinese sturgeon, it is divided into three stages: 1 The schizonts in the tissues matured in liver Kupffer cells are ovoid or spherical, with a size of 17.92-18.24 μm 14.84-15.24 μm It produces 15-20 merozoites and the merozoites are short rods. 2 The proliferation of schizonts in deep blood occurs in the erythrocytes of the hepatic sinusoids, and the schizonts have X-type and Y-type, both of which are similar in size and shape, all of which are columnar; the X-type schizont produces 1 4- The 18 merozoites are wedge-shaped; the Y-schizont produces 4-8 large merozoites, which are rod-shaped. The female gametocytes are kidney-shaped, the male gametocytes are comma-shaped, and the tail has a small tail. 3 The early schizonts in the peripheral blood cells are broadly kidney-shaped, producing 6-12 merozoites, and the merozoites are banana-shaped; the mid-schizonts produce 6-10 merozoites; the late schizonts produce 2 Merozoites. The gametocytes are derived from the Y-type merozoites, which are intermediate stages in the development of the next-generation merozoites to the next generation of merozoites. Trionyx sinensis is the intermediate host of Chinese blood worms.
Cockroaches are the terminal hosts of the Chinese blood worms. After the clams suck blood from diseased clams, the Chinese blood worms develop in the gastrointestinal tract of the gills, including gametogenesis and spore reproduction. The gametogenesis is characterized by the first fusion of the amphoteric gametocytes, followed by gametogenesis, and the production of four male gamete nuclei, in which one nuclear and female gametes are fertilized to form a zygote nucleus. Spore reproduction started with the nuclear division of the mononuclear oocysts, and eventually formed the mature oocysts of eight prokaryotic spores and released the sporozoites.
(II) Epidemic situation According to the report of Chai Jianyuan et al. (1990), 248 Chinese sturgeons, 40 turtles, 25 yellow-edge shell turtles and 2 flat-faced turtles were dissected and dissected, but only in flat-faced turtles (because only 2 were examined). Blood cluster insects were found. The remaining three species of turtles and turtles had parasitoids. Among them, the infection rate of Chinese sturgeon was 83.9%, and the infection intensity was 19.7%. (Infection intensity was calculated as the number of infected red blood cells in 1 000 red blood cells. ). From May to September each year, the infection rate and infection intensity of blood tufts show a peak, which is due to the active movement of the host and the result of the vigorous proliferation of blood clusters. Although there have been no reports of cases that caused the death of a large number of turtles and turtles, the development of the aphid and turtle breeding industry will probably become a serious disease if no attention is paid to it.
(C) symptoms The current infection intensity is not yet high, the highest is only 19.7%, so the appearance does not see the symptoms, from the blood stained film can be seen, infected red blood cells are often full of blood worms, red blood cells are pushed to the side of the core The cells are severely swollen and deformed and lose their normal physiological functions; especially when the blood tufts undergo fission in the red blood cells, they cause a large number of red blood cells to disintegrate. Numerous red blood cells appear in the peripheral blood, which is a kind of compensatory hyperplasia. . On the surface of leukocytes, many pseudopodia are often seen, suggesting an increase in their physiological activity.
(d) Diagnose the blood of diseased turtles and turtles for smears. Stain with Jamesa or stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observe with a microscope.
(e) Preventive measures
(1) Remove excess sludge from the bottom of the tank and disinfect it.
(2) Found that turtles and turtles have fish parasites. In time, they should be sucked with old luffa pectin. After the blood is solidified, it is put into the pool to attract fish, and the fish is crushed to death. Prevention).
(f) Treatment has not been studied.
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