I. Time for raising seedlings, laminating and deducting small sheds
1, timely early childbearing large seedlings timely education of large-scale seedlings, pay attention to the cultivation of strong seedlings, seedling age to achieve physiological seedlings 4 to 5 true leaves, calendar seedling age of 30 to 35 days. In the middle and late February of the year in North China, a hotbed for germination in the hotbed of greenhouses or greenhouses was planted in late March or early April. In the northeast region, seedlings can be planted from late March to early April, and planted at the end of April to early May.
1) Seedlings for raising seedlings Nursery seedlings are best to buy seedlings with a size of 88cm, (used with waste newspapers, old plastic film, shed film, old linoleum paper, etc., and they have been made into a bottomless cylinder with a size of 88cm) and they are growing seedlings. Prepared before.
2) 5 parts of bedland soil and aseptic soil for soil preparation, 4 parts of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of fully decomposed horse manure, 1 kg of potassium sulfate after uniform mixing, 2% of diammonium phosphate 2%, 0.5% The nutrient solution is sprayed on the nutrient soil to adjust its humidity and then mounted.
3) Seeding After putting the nutrients in order, place them neatly in the seedbed and pour water. 70% of the enemy's water is added to the water; 70% of Formosacide and 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder are blended with 500-600 times liquid mixture and poured into the pot to prevent seedling disease. After irrigating the water, after the water infiltrated, the germinated seed buds were directed downwards, sowed into the pods and gently submerged by hand, so that the seeds were in close contact with the soil. Afterwards, the fine clay covered with 1cm thick is immediately finished with sowing.
4) Seedling nursery sheds and seedbed management The temperature difference between day and night in greenhouses or greenhouses is large, and evaporation is small. Therefore, antifreeze should be taken care of in the early stage and the night temperature should be kept above 13°C. The late night temperature is above 15°C, during the day 30°C, and the maximum is not more than 35°C to prevent the temperature from burning too high and forming leggy. The seedbeds were controlled for watering, and the air conditioning was conducted 5 to 7 days before planting to increase the survival rate.
2, the film covering the normal time in 15 to 20 days before planting can increase the temperature of 2 ~ 3 °C, 30 days advance film can increase the temperature of 5 ~ 7 °C. The purpose of filming in advance is to create a suitable temperature guarantee for the growth and development of the seedling root system, so as to avoid cold roots caused by low soil temperature in early spring, resulting in rigid seedlings, loss of early harvest and weak seedlings. In northern China, it can be covered in the middle and late February. In the northeast, it should be covered in the upper and middle of April. The film coating method generally uses a thickness of 0.007mm film, a width of 65cm, 1.4 ~ 1.6m row spacing, single ridge coverage, can also be used 2:2 double ridge coverage.
3, planting and buckle small arch shed
1) Colonization: In North China in late March and early April, the northeastern region will choose the planting standard and exercise well before 3 o'clock in the morning after 9 o'clock in the morning after late April to early May. The seedlings (which can also be planted, ie, large seedlings that are to spread) are planted in the field. Colonization of plant spacing 45 ~ 50cm. When planting, the colonization pit shall be irrigated first, and then the water shall be soaked before planting seedlings. The depth of colonization is preferably 1.0 cm above the ground in the upper part of the nutrient bowl. The 1.0 cm fine soil is compacted so that the nutrient bowl is in close contact with the soil. Cotyledons 1.5 cm above surface. Immediately after planting, the membranes are tightly sealed.
2) Deduction of a small shed: Immediately after the seedlings are planted, a small arch shed is buckled. The small arch shelter film is preferably made of a transparence polyethylene sheath film to enhance the light transmittance. The small arch structure uses a bamboo piece with a width of 6cm and a length of 150cm, and each end is inserted into the soil to a depth of 10cm to form a height of 50-60cm in the shed. The spacing between the bamboo frames of the arch shed is 100-150cm (2:2 bamboo sheds covered with double ridges cover 2.5-3.0m long). Immediately after the bamboo pieces are inserted, the shed film is covered, and the seals are compacted to prevent cold air from intruding into the shed or from damaging the seedlings by the wind-opening shed film.
Second, field management
1. Arch shed management When the outside temperature stabilizes after the final frost passes 15°C, the shed film is gradually opened to increase the amount of ventilation to adjust the growth of the external environment, and the arch shed can be removed after 5 to 7 days. In wet areas in the Southwest, in order to prevent heavy fog and rain falling on the stigma of female flowers and anthers of male flowers, pollen sheds may not be removed. During the period of detaining the membrane, appropriate water can be added according to the condition of the seedlings and soil moisture to prevent the growth and development of the seedlings due to lack of water.
2. Fertilizer and Water Management Small plots of sheds to rush early to cultivate the plot before applying the base fertilizer. Each mu of fully cooked high-quality farmyard fertilizer 5000 kilograms, superphosphate 50 kilograms, 25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 15 kilograms of potassium sulfate applied at one time. Qingnong No. 3 has an expansive swiftness, and it is necessary to promptly swell the swelled melon and swelled melon after 7 days of flowering. Urea topdressing 10 kg per mu, potassium sulfate 10 kg. According to the condition of soil moisture, the number of catching water and fertilizer in the dry sky is generally not less than 2.5 kg per plant. Rain catches grain. The method is to use a wooden rod with a diameter of 5cm at the root side of the plant at 20cm, and apply it with a depth of 15cm. If you are fighting for the second crop, increase the yield per unit area. After the first ripe gourd is ripe, mulching mus 1500-2000 kilograms, diammonium phosphate 25 kilograms, potassium sulphate 15 kilograms and pouring a water permeate on both sides of the roots 1.0 meters away from the roots to promote strong and early and long hair, Increase the rate of melons.
3, pruning and promote the sitting pruning method requires two vine pruning, leaving one melon per plant. The early cultivation of small sheds is carried out under covered conditions. At this time, the number of insects in the small shed is lighter and the activity of insects is weaker. Therefore, it must be performed every morning at 7-9 o'clock in the morning when the second female flower of the main vine is opened. Artificially assist pollination, fight for melons and increase melon rates. The second gourd pollination basically entered the rainy season, and attention should be paid to giving the female flowers a rainproof paper hat and artificial pollination. In wet areas in the southwest, pollinated plants and protected pollination plants should be cultivated separately to prevent pollen pollination and opening of the female flowers in the rainy season.
4. Diseases and Pests Prevention and control of watermelon pests and diseases should adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures. The prevention of wilt disease must be the selection of Qingfa No. 1 rootstock graft. The prevention and treatment of anthrax should apply more phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers to achieve a balanced supply of fertilizer, adequate nutrients, improve plant resistance, reduce the chance of pathogenic bacteria infection and disease, and use chemical agents for prevention and treatment.
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