Scientific name Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi Diptera, Tephritidae. The common name is buds and borers. Distribution of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Jilin, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Beijing and other places.
The hosts include safflower, atractylodes macrocephala, milk thistle, and cornflower medicinal plants. The cultivation of safflowers is very harmful. In severe cases, the inflorescence damage rate is as high as 90%.
Injury characteristics The larvae feed on young sepals, tubular florets and young seeds within the host inflorescence. In the inflorescence, many larvae are often infested, causing the inflorescences to wither and fail to normalize the flowering results or affect the quality.
Morphological characteristics Adult females are 7mm long, 4.5mm male, grayish white, dense white short hairs. Compound eye green iridescent reflective. Chest with 5 gray hairlines. Abdomen section 6 is slightly longer, spawning tube black, duck bill shape. The front edge of the wing is densely covered with black bristles, the front edge of the subfamily is yellow, and the outer edge of the wing near the front edge has a grey “mountain†shaped piebald spot. Yellowish brown. Eggs are slender, smaller, and pointed, milky white. The larvae are 6 mm long, yellowish-white, blunt at abdomen, yellow-brown at rear valve, and horseshoe-shaped valve holes. It is 4mm long, dark brown, shiny, and cocooned. Habits of life 4 to 5 generations in Beijing, to the winter in the host stubble. Overwintering larvae occur in the middle and late April of the following year, and they occur in the first five months of May and June. They cause damage to small leeches and wild safflowers. The second generation occurs in June and July. The afflicted safflowers are intense, and in July and August and August and October. Occurrence of 3rd and 4th generation, damage to the genus Bluebonnet and Atractylodes macrocephala; 5 generations occurred in October and caused damage to Atractylodes. The worms were localized for generations, and part of the 4th and 5th generations were overwintering. Ningxia is born 3 generations old and spends winters in the Khitans. The 2nd generation of safflower was attacked from July to August, and the damage was the most serious. The 1st and 3rd generations were the Khitans. Daily average temperature 25°C egg period 3 days, larval period 7 days, flood season 9 days, adult lifespan 4.5 days on average. Adults like to enjoy activities in the evening and at night. The eggs are piled on the inside of the flowers. The larvae feed on the scallops, flowers, and tender seeds inside the flower head. The worms are placed inside the flower head, causing the flower head to rot and darken. The surface turns dark brown. The last instar larvae larvae in the flower head. After the emergence, the adults are drilled from the top of the flower head. The other insect forms also develop to maturity in the same flower head.
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