Lily is a perennial bulb flower of Liliaceae, and it is also one of the large cut flowers of Zhaoxing. With its large, colorful, floral, flower-rich and famous world. Each year, the Netherlands exports billions of lily bulbs. China's current commercial bulbs mainly rely on imports. In recent years, more than 80 million pellets have been imported each year. In China, there is still no large-scale bulb production base or enterprise to carry out large-scale production of lily bulbs. Breeding of varieties and supply of commercial bulbs have become a recognized bottleneck problem in the development of China's bulb flower industry. Therefore, it is imperative to realize the localization of Lily bulbs for high-quality commercial products. 1 Soil preparation Lily bulbs are suitable for deep, loose and well-drained loam soils, and they are extremely sensitive to soil salinity. Therefore, they should be selected. Planting new land is good. Before planting, plowing 30 centimeters before planting, and making sorghum from east to west, with a height of at least 25 degrees meters, a width of about 1 inch, and a width of 50 to 60 centimeters. Lily hi organic fertilizer, per acre should be fully cooked compost, manure and other organic fertilizer 2000 ~ 3000 kg, in order to promote the rapid rooting of seed balls, can also increase bone powder, calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium and other phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; per acre About 20 kilograms, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required for lily should be 5:10:10, and the soil with soil pests should be treated with methyl isothiirate in soil. 2 Seed balls treated with Oriental Lilies use 6 to 9 cm diameter seeds. Asian lily and Lilium can also use 3 to 6 cm seeds. Seed balls can be directly imported from abroad. Cut out to get. In order to promote the disinfection of new roots and bulbs, the mixture of fungicides and hormones can be used to soak the seeds. For example, the following applies: carbendazim or chlorothalonil 600 to 800 times, and the hormone can be gibberellin or rooting powder. The gibberellic acid should be first dissolved with a small amount of alcohol or liquor and then diluted to a concentration of 20-30 mg/kg, which is usually purchased in a small package of gibberellin (1 g) and weighed about 40 kg, and the rooting powder is in accordance with the instructions. It is required to draw and soak for about 13 to 20 minutes. The soaked seed bulb is directly seeded in a wet state. 3 Colonization can be planted in spring from April to April, and autumn planting can also be carried out from September to November. However, it is best to avoid transplanting after the temperature rises at the end of spring, otherwise the survival rate will be reduced. Lily with fleshy traction root, the depth of the bulb should be slightly deeper, generally from the end of the bulb to the soil surface is about 15%, autumn, early spring should be planted more shallow; late spring and summer planting should be slightly deeper. The soil before planting should be sufficiently loose and slightly moist, and the soil moisture content should be about 60%. When planting the refrigerated ball, do not destroy the root system that has been sent out, because the beginning period of lily growth is to rely on these root systems to absorb water and nutrients; when the lily As the stem begins to grow out of the soil, the stem root quickly grows and quickly replaces the old root, providing more than 90% of the water and nutrients for the plant. Lily bulb density varies with the species type and bulb size, generally speaking , Asian and Lilium 3 to 6 cm size seed ball lily, can be planted 2 to 25,000 per acre; Eastern Lily 6 to 9 cm specifications seed ball, spacing is generally 8 to 10 cm, spacing is 20 to 25 cm, Each acre can grow 1.50 to 18,800 tablets. In order to prevent topsoil compaction, the surface can be covered with straw or peat soil after planting. 4 Lily seedlings have been fully rooted in the seedling management period, and the leaves usually begin to bloom after 2 weeks in spring, and the leaves begin to bloom in early spring after being naturally low temperature. Shallow-rooted lilies depend very much on water. In seedlings, watering or irrigation is used to keep the soil moist, but water should not be allowed to soak. In case of high temperature and strong light, the leaves can be sprayed with water and the sunshade net can be used to cool the sun. 1 to 2 weeks after emergence, with a thin layer of decomposed fecal urine or 0.50% of thin urea water, to promote hair roots, hair trees, pay attention to urea water do not apply under sunny light. 5 Growing season management 5.1 Watering lily grows rapidly when it is warm in spring. At this time, depending on the weather conditions, the number of watering operations is decided, and irrigation or sprinkling is mainly used, and furrow irrigation is used as little as possible. Watering should be carried out in the morning and in the evening. In summer, when the water temperature is high, the amount of water should be large. It should be performed before 10:00 in the morning, and the water supply should be ensured by combining the appropriate leaf spray. 5.2 fertilization May to June to chase 2 to 3 times thin liquid fertilizer cake and water, nitrogen is mainly to ensure that the growth of lily plant stems and stems in the thick growth, but in order to avoid the burning of nitrogen fertilizer, should be used after the application of nitrogen in water Spraying plants; In order to increase the strength of stems, increase the application of 1 to 2 times of calcium and other phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, fertilization should be slightly farther from the stem base. High-temperature fertilizer stopped in summer, and Li Qiqi continued to use phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. 5.3 Weeding in the cultivation of bulbs requires a relatively large amount of labor and requires frequent weeding in the field, combined with cultivator, timely removal of young grass, to prevent weeds from being covered. After the beginning of autumn, the lily pile has formed a closed state. Try not to shovel the grass to prevent damage to the root system. 5.4 Defloration In order to ensure that the nutrient is concentrated on the development of lily bulbs, it is necessary to remove flowers in time. The defloration of flowers must be removed when the calyx is significantly enlarged. It is not appropriate to use too early or too late. Attention should be paid before and after sunny noon. The flowers on the cloudy and rainy days can cause infection of the wound. . 5.5 Shade Lily belongs to the long-day plant, but in the process of its growth to prevent excessive light. In general, shading begins after a strong light in May, and Asian lily can cover 50% of the light. Oriental lily should cover about 70% of the light, and ensure that the planting site is fully ventilated and breathable. 6 Disease and pest control The main diseases of lily are fungal diseases and viral diseases. Fungal diseases often in the high temperature and humidity environment quickly infect the roots, bulbs and leaves, affect flowering until the death of plants, prevention methods: 1 soil disinfection, and strictly prevent continuous cropping; 2 Although the commercial bulbs have generally been disinfected, but when necessary The bulbs should be sterilized before planting, such as soaking with carbendazim 600 times. 3 Take care to avoid excessive soil and air humidity. 4 Do not water the leaves as much as possible during the vigorous growth period. When there is dew or high temperature in the leaves, avoid sudden increase of temperature in the planting areas. 5 Spray chlorothalonil, mancozeb, and other fungicides in time, and the diseased plants should be promptly removed and burned. Lily cultivation is prone to physiological diseases such as leaf burn disease, lack of disease. Leaf burn disease, also known as "blow-out," is one of the most important diseases of the oriental lily. Its symptom is that the end of the young leaf turns slightly inwards from the end to the middle, shrinking, showing a yellow-green to white spot, if the scorch is severe, the leaf Curved, leaves and buds will fall off. The main reason is due to poor root growth or high soil salinity. Since the temperature is too dry, or the temperature difference changes too much, the sunlight is too strong to cause excessive transpiration of the foliage, etc. It should be noted that appropriate deep planting, soil salt leaching, When sunlight is strong, management measures such as shading, water spray, and ventilation are performed.