Turbot is a cold-water marine butterfly species produced in Europe. It was introduced by the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1992. It was successfully mass-produced in 1999. It is expected that the turbot will become the coastal Shandong and even the entire Bohai Sea. The main farmed species of industrialized fish farming in the area. Now its breeding technology is introduced to the majority of farmers as a reference. First, the construction of breeding greenhouses 1. The selection of aquaculture sites is close to the coast, with abundant underground brine resources, and the land is cheap; there are no natural disasters such as typhoon; seeds, feed, building materials are guaranteed, and transportation is convenient; the groundwater quality is good and meets the fishery water quality standards; There is sufficient power to guarantee; Dig wells. After selecting wells to drill wells, they need to pump at least 7-10 days to stabilize their water quality indicators. Suitable hydrological conditions are: water temperature 14-18°C; salinity 15-35 ‰; pH 7.2-8.6; dissolved oxygen greater than 4mg/L, ammonia nitrogen less than 0.2mg/L, total bacteria 5/mL, oil <0.005mg/L, heavy metal ion content does not exceed the standard. 3. The construction site of the breeding farm can be surrounded by brick structure, and the roof can be provided with reinforced frame or wooden frame, covered with fiberglass tiles or agricultural plastic greenhouses, shading rate of 95% can maintain a slightly dark environment, and rainy weather does not leak into the pool. . The cultivating pool has round, octagonal, square, and rectangular shapes. The circular or octagonal shape is preferred. The outlet is located in the middle of the pool, and the water inlet is 2-4, running in the same direction. The bottom area is 20-60 square meters. it is good. The small water pool facilitates management and disease prevention, and the pool material is mainly constructed of cement or reinforced FRP sinks. The water intake system is generally composed of small wells, reservoirs, aerators, and pumps. The newly-cultivated pools are generally soaked in brine for 10-15 days (for every 2 days, the water is changed once) and then washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, bleaching powder, bleaching essence, etc. before being used for 1-2 times. Second, the choice of seed and transport 1, seed selection. It is advisable to use seedlings produced in the nursery in the local area or where the transportation distance is relatively short, which is conducive to the adaptability of seedlings and the survival rate of transportation. The specifications of the seed should be neat, and the same size seedlings should be stocked in the same pool after entering the pond to prevent inconveniences of feeding and management due to differences in the particle size of the bait. Seed size should be 4cm or more and should be all at the end of the voluntary, 4cm above seed, adaptable and easy to transport. Do not choose malformed fry, such as dew exposure, lack of eye and body shape of the curved seed, but also should choose disease-free and injury-free seed. 2. Seed transport. It is usually transported by aerobic machine or plastic bag transported by truck. 1 m3 large plastic bucket for truck transportation can hold 500-800 tails, 2L-4L for 10L plastic bags, and 100 tails and 300 tails for 4cm fry. The water temperature should be lower than 3°C~4°C. , generally controlled at about 13 °C as well, ice can be used to cool down. Seed transport should be noted: 1 12 hours before transport should stop feeding, do not feed bait. 2 sufficient oxygen before transport. Avoid violent shaking during firing. Third, the stocking of turbot 1. Seed stocking density: the actual stocking density and flow size, water temperature, dissolved oxygen. There is a certain relationship between the size of the fish, etc. When the water temperature is appropriate and the dissolved oxygen is sufficient, the density can be large, and vice versa. Due to turbot growth is based on the bottom of the pool, can account for 60% -80%, that is, 4-5cm seed 300 -700 / square meter. Of course, the density should be reduced when growing normally, which is beneficial to the growth and disease prevention of seedlings. 2. Seed treatment after ponding: seedlings should be entered into the water before the bag into the water, so that the water temperature within the bag and the water temperature within the pool similar depth of 30cm ~ 4Ocm, the temperature does not exceed 2 °C. 6 hours or 12 hours after entering the pool, after the normal fish body vigor, mix the baits with levofloxacin 0.5g-1g/kg once a day for 5-7 days, or with oxytetracycline 30g/m3 Bath for 3 days. IV. Management during feeding Develop water depth: generally 40-60cm, can be directly developed with well water, well water can also be used against sea water or well water to fresh water. 2. Water temperature: The maximum lethal temperature of turbot is 1-2°C, the maximum is 28-30°C, the minimum growth temperature is 7°C-8°C, the maximum growth temperature is 21-22°C, and the optimum growth temperature is 14°C~17°C. Well water temperature should be controlled within its optimum growth temperature. 3. Salinity: Turbot has a minimum salinity tolerance of 12 ‰ and a maximum of 4O ‰, with an optimum of 25-35 ‰. 4. pH: The optimum is 7.8-8.6. 5. Dissolved oxygen: Inflatable aquaculture, dissolved oxygen should be 8-16mg/L, but dissolved oxygen can not be lower than 4mg/L. 6. Light: Generally 800-4000 lx. 7. Changing the water and cleaning the bottom of the pool: during the cultivation of turbot, change the water twice a day, change the water within half an hour after feeding, the daily water flow rate is proportional to the water temperature, and it is also proportional to the growing density, generally the high temperature season should be It reaches 8-10 cycles/day, and the low-temperature season should reach 4-6 cycles/day. When the growing density is high, the circulation volume should be increased. The accumulation of residual baits and excrement will cause deterioration of water quality, and it is also a major cause of disease and affect the growth of fish. Therefore, the bottom of the pool must be regularly cleaned. For example, a good swirling flow of pool water is best cleaned once a week, such as poor swirling. Clean at least twice a week. 8. Sub-cultivation and inversion of the pool: In the breeding process, it is necessary to divide the fish according to the size of the fish, which is conducive to the growth of the fish. The growing operation also needs to reduce the breeding density according to the size of the fish body. In the case of adequate dissolved oxygen, the cultivation density is 5-15 kilograms per square meter, and the general suitable density is 7-8 kilograms per square meter. And breeding sheds should be vacated 1/4 or 1/5 of the pool, in order to prepare the pool for recycling, attention should be paid when selecting the separation: 1 to prevent the death due to oxygen deficiency during operation; 2 before the first stop selection, so that the fish is empty Stomach state; sorting should be treated in a low-density state and prevent mechanical damage; after sorting, it should be treated with a medicinal bath, the method is the same as when entering the seedlings, and body length and body weight are measured to change the breeding strategy. 9. Feeding: Feeding amount should be fed according to body weight and seasonal changes of the fish. The daily feeding amount is generally 1.5% to 3% of the body weight. The feed amount of the feed is inversely proportional to the fish body weight. Daily feeding times: 3-4 times/day before weighing 200g, and 2-3 times/day after weighing 200g. V. Disease Prevention and Control During Cultivation The main diseases of fish cultivation are mainly prevention, so as to minimize the occurrence of fish diseases. The disease prevention and control during the cultivation period is mainly based on the administration of drugs, supplemented by the medicinal bath, and the bait is administered 2-4 times per week, mainly including levofloxacin and pipemidic acid, and the medicinal bath is generally performed every 7-10 days. Once, mainly oxytetracycline hydrochloride, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, etc., and water disinfection every 15 days to 2O days, mainly with formalin, rich grade, dibromohydantoin, Chlorine dioxide and so on. Main diseases and treatment methods of turbot: 1. Vibriosis (l) Pathogen: Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Harvey Vibrio et al. (2) Symptoms: The common disease is surface ulceration, the initial body pack showed plaque discoloration, loss of appetite, floating on the surface of the water, sometimes whirlpool swimming, rudder base, trunk redness or spotting, stomach sac enlargement, etc. symptom. (3) Treatment: Norfloxacin 40g/m3 medicinal bath for 3-5 days. Feeding 7-9 days. 2. Ascites (1) Pathogen: Insensitive Edwards. (2) Symptoms: Ascites in the abdomen, swelling of the liver, spleen, and kidney and fading, enteritis, cloudy eyeballs, enlarged kidneys, many white spots, and ascitic fluid. (3) Treatment: The baits were dosed with tetracycline 6 g/kg or doxycycline 4 g/kg for 7-9 days, and doxycycline 40 g 10 lactic acid TMP 10 g/m 3 water body dip for 5-7 days. 3. Tail disease (1) Pathogen: Coastal bacillus. (2) symptoms: initial body surface, fin local redness, bleeding, after the formation of ulcers, severe lips, lids, body side abdomen and tail caudal skin ulcers or rot. (3) Treatment: The water temperature was increased and a 20 g/m 3 continuous medicine bath was used for 5 days after 3 days of sodium nimodate sodium 50 g/m 3 in a medicinal bath. 4. Streptococcus (1) Pathogen: Streptococcus (2) Disorders: Loss of appetite, slow swimming on the surface of the water, prominent eyeballs and peripheral bleeding, hyperemia in the lid, congestion in the fins, red ulceration, anatomical disease, pyloric pylorus, liver, Spleen, kidney or bowel bleeding a bit like. (3) Treatment: Doxycycline 4g lactic acid TMPlg/kg bait is fed for 7 to 9 days.