At present, most plum gardens contain less than 1% organic matter, and some plum gardens are even below 0.5%. This is far from meeting the requirements of high-quality, high-yield farms. Therefore, the amount of basal fertilizer must be increased. If the dual needs of tree growth and soil improvement are taken into account, the application amount of organic fertilizer should be controlled at the standard of 1 to 3 jin of fertilizer for fruit. Therefore, a medium-sized plum garden with a yield of 1,500 kilograms per mu should not be less than 3,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer.
The most suitable period for Shiji is autumn (1 month before defoliation), followed by defoliation to pre-freezing, and thawing to pre-germination in the spring. The autumn basal fertilizer has sufficient time to ripen, and it can break roots to heal and give rise to new roots. Therefore, it is the peak growth period of roots, and the strong absorption of roots can increase the storage nutrition level of the tree after absorption. To promote the development of flower buds, the higher nutritional reserves of the tree and the timely supply of nutrients in the soil in the early spring, can meet the needs of spring sprouting, flowering, fruit setting and shoot growth. After the deciduous period and the base fertilizer in the spring, the effect of the fertilizer effect is late, and the effect on the early spring growth and development of the fruit tree is very small. When a large amount of fertilizer is absorbed and utilized, it often reaches the peak of the new shoot. In orchards with arid and water-free conditions in mountainous areas, basal fertilizers can also be applied during the rainy season because the basal fertilizer cannot be used immediately. However, organic manure must be a fully cooked manure, and the rate of fertilization should be fast, and care should be taken not to hurt the rough roots.
When the source of organic fertilizer is insufficient, straw, weeds, etc. can also be used as a supplement and mixed with organic fertilizer. It is worth noting that although the source of organic manure is limited, it must follow the principle of guaranteeing locality and ensuring the centralized distribution of the roots. Concentrated acupoints should be used to give full play to the fertilizer effect of organic manure. Concentrating on acupuncture points is to dig deep, 50 cm in diameter and 30 to 40 cm in diameter from the edge of the canopy, depending on the amount of fertilizer, then mix organic fertilizer and soil with 1:3 or some straw, and fill it in. Into the hole and then water. In addition, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and even zinc, iron fertilizers can be mixed with organic fertilizers to increase their utilization. (Author: Li Xuehua)
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