Spray immunization can save a lot of labor force compared to other immunization methods. As long as it is handled properly, the effect is better. Especially, it is better for the respiratory tract-friendly vaccine, which is more suitable for large-scale chicken farms, but if it is operated Improper spray immunity also tends to cause stress in the flock and it is particularly prone to trigger chronic respiratory disease. Therefore, the following are the issues related to spray immunity.
Spray principle
Spray immunization is the use of air pressure to atomize the diluted vaccine, and evenly suspended in the air, the aerosolized vaccine enters the respiratory tract of the chicken body with breathing, the respiratory mucosa receives stimulation from the invading antigen, and then generates an immune response, making the respiratory mucosa. A large number of secretory antibodies, IgA, are distributed on the mucosal surface to act as a mucosal immune protector, allowing the chicken to gain immunity. Therefore, only vaccines for the prevention of respiratory diseases can be immunized by spraying methods, such as Newcastle disease virus IV attenuated vaccines and infectious bronchitis attenuated vaccines.
Environmental control
When the temperature in the house is too high or the humidity is too low, on the one hand the vaporization of the diluted vaccine droplets accelerates, causing insufficient doses of vaccines to be inhaled by the birds; on the other hand, the dust in the house is greatly increased and the dust is combined with the diluted vaccine droplets. Rapid settlement to the ground can also affect the immune effect. Therefore, when spray immunization is performed, ventilation should be strengthened, and cooling or humidifying measures such as sterilizing with chickens should be adopted so that the temperature in the house can be maintained at 18°C ​​to 24°C and the relative humidity can be maintained at about 70%.
In particular, air drying in winter houses can accelerate the evaporation of vaccine droplets. A suitable amount of glycerol (3% to 5%) can be added to the diluent to slow evaporation.
Precautions
The time interval between inoculation and other immunizations should be not less than 7 days to avoid immune interference.
Antiviral drugs should not be administered in feed or drinking water within 7 days before and after spray immunization to avoid immunization failure.
Chickens should not be sterilized within 1 day before and after spray immunization. Drinking water containing disinfectants and detergents should not be provided.
speed control
The speed of spray immunization determines the uniformity of vaccine distribution, and whether chickens can only receive a uniform dose of vaccine. It is also a critical point for ensuring the immune effect and must be determined in advance. The general method is to test spraying before spray immunization. First, the chicken in a chicken house is divided into corresponding parts according to the composition. If there are 4 groups in this chicken house, it is divided into 4 parts correspondingly. The vaccine dose was sprayed slowly and uniformly with clean water, and the optimal speed of spray immunization was determined according to the test spray conditions.
Vaccine dilution should be reasonable
Spray vaccine dose should be 2 to 2.5 times more than muscle, subcutaneous or eye drops, nasal drops, etc. Before dilution, 0.1% should be added to vaccine diluent such as sterile distilled water at a temperature of no more than 15°C. ~0.3% skimmed milk powder can protect vaccines. Diluted vaccines can be made of non-metallic containers such as plastic bottles and glass jars.
When diluting the vaccine, stir it well with a clean glass rod to dissolve the vaccine evenly. The amount of diluent used per 1000 chickens, 100 ml to 200 ml for 1 week, 300 ml to 400 ml for 2 weeks to 4 weeks, 500 ml to 400 ml for 5 weeks to 10 weeks Use 600 ml to 700 ml above 10 weeks of age. The diluted vaccine should be used within 1 hour.
Spray method
Before the spray immunization, the ventilation should be increased and kept for 3 minutes to 5 minutes to reduce the dust content of the house and ensure that the air in the house is fresh. Afterwards, the interior doors and windows and ventilation and ventilation equipment should be closed. The spray was performed in parallel around a height of about 10 cm directly above each cage. Chicks vaccine droplets should be strictly controlled between 30 μm and 100 μm, and chickens should be between 5 μm and 30 μm.
When spraying, start from one end of the house, move slowly while spraying to the other end, and make a round trip back and forth. It is advisable to make the flock feathers slightly damp after the immunization. Spraying of chickens in the same building should be completed within the same day. Open all doors and windows and ventilation equipment 15 minutes after spraying.
Reduce flock stress
To reduce stress, chickens should be given 0.1% vitamin C or water-soluble vitamins 1 day before and after spray immunization. At the same time, antibiotics should be added to prevent respiratory diseases. Spraying should be done in the dark or early evening, and in summer in the early morning. When done, avoid spraying after the birds have just finished feeding or drinking. Spraying cannot be performed at the same time as weighing, transfer, and changing feeds, while avoiding spray immunization during sudden weather changes.
In addition, spray immunity cannot be performed when respiratory diseases occur in chickens, otherwise it will not only produce no ideal results, but it may also aggravate the condition.
Timely antibody monitoring
On the day of the spray immunization, antibody monitoring was performed to determine the antibody level of the chicken before the immunization and facilitate the confirmation of the immune effect. After 10 days to 15 days after spraying immunization, antibody testing was performed on a large population at a rate of 5 torr. It was found that the antibody should be reimbursed in time if the antibody rise was not ideal.
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