Autumn Lettuce Seedling stage is in the summer high temperature and long-day conditions, the temperature difference between day and night is small, the night temperature is high, the respiration is strong, easy to grow. At the same time, the high-temperature and long-day sunshine conditions after seeding resulted in rapid flower bud differentiation and bolting of seedlings. Therefore, nurturing strong seedlings and preventing premature bolting is the key to successful cultivation of autumn lettuce.
First, the choice of species. In the case of lettuce with high temperatures above 22-24°C and long days, the flower buds differentiate rapidly, and the autumn lettuce leaves are often under conditions conducive to bolting, so mid-late maturing varieties must be selected that respond slowly to high temperature and long days. Generally, sharp-leaved bamboo shoots are more mature and more heat-resistant at the seedling stage, such as Beijing Jianye, Xining lettuce and Erbai.
Second, determine the sowing date. It takes about 3 months from the sowing and harvesting of the autumn lettuce, and the suitable temperature period for the growth of the stems and leaves of the autumn lettuce is within 60 days after the ten-day average temperature drops to about 21°C, so the seedling period is arranged on the ten-day average. The temperature in the previous month when the temperature dropped to 21-22°C was relatively safe, and the sowing date was too late. Although the immature bolting could be avoided, the growth period was short, the yield was low, and it was susceptible to frost damage in the later period. It is generally optional to sow in late July to early August.
Third, the seed cold treatment. The lettuce seed germinates at a suitable temperature of 15-20 °C, and the temperature during the summer sowing is high. The seed germination is difficult and requires low temperature treatment before sowing. Methods are: (1) soaked in cold water for 5-6 hours, remove the filtered water, and place it at a temperature of 15-16°C to see light germination. After 2-3 days, 60% of buds can be sown. (2) Store in a 0-4°C freezer for 4-5 hours, and see germination at a temperature of 15-16°C. (3) Put the soaked seeds in a cloth bag and hang it on the surface of the deep well, and sow 2-3 days after sprouting.
Fourth, seedling management. Seeds can be sown in nutrient bowls or on seedbeds. After sowing, overhead shade or hanging shade nets should be set. Seedlings should not be too dense to prevent leggy growth.
Fifth, planting and management. Should use topsoil fertile, strong water retention plots, is the application of base fertilizer before planting. Colonization should be transplanted in the afternoon with soil, seedling age of 25 days, up to no more than 30 days, strict selection of seedlings, elimination of long seedlings, the density of 20-26 cm square is appropriate, after planting after pouring root water, when the drought Pour a rehydration to ensure survival, in order to prevent premature bolting, fertilizer and water supply should be sufficient, especially nitrogen fertilizer, to accelerate the occurrence of leaf and leaf area expansion, generally after the slow seedlings, group trees, stems began to expand when the chase Application of effective nitrogen fertilizer, and at the same time adding the right amount of potassium fertilizer, can promote stem hypertrophy. In short, lack of water and lack of fertilizer is one of the important reasons for autumn lettuce picking, and we must pay full attention to it.
Six, the use of plant growth regulators to inhibit premature bolting. When the start of hypertrophy in the stem of the asparagus shoots, 500-1000 mg/kg pyridin or 6,000-10000 mg/kg foliar spray for a long time can effectively inhibit the bolting to increase the stem weight, but it should not be used at the seedling stage.
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