1. Only plant healthy, seeds, seedlings or other propagation materials without pests and diseases. It is necessary to purchase seed seedlings from production units that have excellent technology and good reputation, and ensure that they are free from pests and diseases. 2. If possible, plant disease-resistant varieties. Compared with other crops, flowers fall behind in the breeding of new disease-resistant varieties, but in any case, when there are chronic diseases such as gray mold in the greenhouse, it is particularly important to choose disease-resistant varieties. 3, isolation and cultivation of foreign and newly introduced planting materials. When planting seedlings come from different places and production units, it is very important to isolate them from the original crops for cultivation. During the isolation process, the isolation has to be carried out until the new seedlings can be determined to be free from pests and diseases. 4. Always maintain good environmental hygiene. The cleaner the greenhouses are kept, the less chance the pests will occur and spread. This means that there is no weed breeding in the greenhouse aisles and greenhouses. Plastic pipes and sprinklers are not placed on the ground or soaked in the pool. Dead leaves and spent flowers are removed from the plants in a timely manner. Garbage is not thrown anywhere, but is placed in the bin. In a large-scale production of a flower crop area, other types of flowers should not be placed in the middle, affecting unified management. In the production area where basins are planted, potted, planted and rotated, disinfecting is required before the operation to reduce the chance of germ transmission. 5. Monitor the population density and minimize it as much as possible. In order to keep the harvested cut flowers or potted plants healthy and free of pests and diseases, the grower must minimize the population density of the insect pests. The pests not only damage the plants through feeding, but also spread various plant viruses. Insects that cause considerable economic losses are the flower thrips, which are used to monitor yellow and blue sticky board of thrips. By monitoring the density of insect populations, it is possible to know the species of pests present in the greenhouse and their population densities. 6, through the control of greenhouse environmental conditions to reduce the incidence of disease. The higher the humidity in the greenhouse, the greater the risk of disease. This is because most fungal diseases proliferate easily under high humidity conditions. The upper limit of the relative humidity in the greenhouse is 85%. When the relative humidity is greater than 85%, the disease is still difficult to control even if the bactericide is used. Excessive humidity can be lowered by heating, ventilation, and other means. To avoid long-term adherence of water droplets on the leaves of plants. When watering with a sprinkler or sprinkler, it is best done in the morning so that water droplets on the plants dry before the evening. To avoid over-watering, otherwise it will promote the occurrence of root rot, use a good drainage matrix. Unless you know that the soil does not contain pathogens, do not mix the substrate with soil in soilless cultivation because most soils contain germs that cause root rot of the plant. If you cultivate in the form of a bed, make sure that there is no barrier below the ground and no water will accumulate. 7, to avoid the plant suffered various adverse conditions of stimulation or stress. The greater the stress the plant is subjected to, the greater the possibility of infection. To avoid the plants being stressed, it means that the plants have sufficient water supply, the salt content in the soil is in equilibrium, the light and temperature meet the requirements for plant growth, and the nutrient balance is sufficient to keep the plants in optimal development. If the salt content in the soil is too high, the plant's root system is vulnerable to damage. The wounded roots are more susceptible to bacteria and rot. 8. Regularly check the growth of planting crops. Only in this way can we grasp the status of each growth and development stage of the plant. Sometimes the inspection is simply a tour of the greenhouse. When any pest or disease occurs, it can be known as soon as possible. During the tour, you must go through all corners of the greenhouse and pay attention to checking the back of the leaves, because the back of the leaves is often the place where the insects hide. 9. Without permission, idlers are excluded. For this principle, even the best growers may not be able to do well. Inexperienced employees who wander around in the greenhouse may also become the means of disease transmission. Unnecessarily touching plants, consciously or unconsciously, can also cause the spread of fungi, viruses, and bacteria. 10. The fungicide will be used as the last resort. Even if growers apply the first nine principles, they will still have the disease and must use fungicides. However, if the first 9 steps are used, only a small amount of bactericide is needed to solve the problem. For some special crops, it is necessary to use fungicides preventively. At this time, other 9 steps should also be combined as a preventive measure. For many growers, due to location, time, and economic constraints, some steps are impossible and it is difficult to do nine steps at the same time. Based on the actual situation, a number of steps should be comprehensively applied.
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