Mushrooms are manure-type saprophytic bacteria. In the practice of long-term artificial cultivation, people have found that mushroom adaptability to nutrients is very strong, and many materials can be used as mushroom cultivation materials. The nutrient content, nutrient availability, and decomposition rate of each material are different. If used properly, good results can be obtained. Selection of culture materials First, livestock and feces categories: cow dung, horse dung, pig dung, sheep dung, chicken dung, duck dung, white pigeon dung, etc., can be used to cultivate mushrooms. Horse dung and cow dung are the most suitable, followed by sheep dung. Other types of livestock manure contain less grassy fiber and are mixed with fodder and other factors. They contain more nitrogen and are prone to produce ammonia. They must be sundried before mixing in the culture medium. Long term. Feces can account for 60%-70% of the culture material. Second, grass and straw: wheat straw, straw, forage and other materials, adequate nutrients, rich in fiber, easy to decompose, mushroom mycelium easily absorbed, generally accounting for 25% -30% of culture materials. Third, rich in cellulose materials: cottonseed husk, broken seed cotton, bean straw, corn stalk, sorghum stalks, etc. are also cellulose-rich materials, can be used instead of grass. When composting cultivation or cultivation, special attention should be paid to the regulation of moisture. Fourth, nitrogen-containing tanning materials: Distillers grains, bean cakes, peanut cakes and other nitrogen-rich, pay attention to the amount of use, the general use of 5% -10% is appropriate, but also through a special tanning system to use. Fifth, other materials: urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, calcium carbonate, gypsum and other general use of 2% -3% is appropriate. Superphosphate can be used in almost any combination with different materials. Gypsum and calcium carbonate are also commonly used. If the amount of excrement materials in the culture material is large, then urea, ammonium sulfate, soybean cake, etc. should not be used, but in the case of straw-based culture materials, such materials may be appropriately increased. The composting and fermentation is performed on the ground near the mushroom house and on the ground, preferably on the concrete floor. Cut the grass into small pieces about 20 centimeters long or not cut. Soak in clean water or urine for 1-2 days, filter out water, moisture content is about 70%. Dry faeces should also be pre-wet by spraying water on dry faeces. The first floor was built with a layer of 12-15 cm thick pre-soaked forage on the ground and then a layer of 4-6 cm thick pre-wetted excrement. Repeatedly stacked alternately to 8-9 layers. The entire stock stack is about 1.5 meters high and 1.8-2.2 meters wide. The entire stack requires a narrow width and a wide top and a turtle-shaped back. During the process of composting, urea, ammonium sulfate and other materials are dissolved in water and lightly splashed from the third layer. According to the principle of “not spraying water on the bottom layer, watering the middle layer, and spraying the water on the upper layer”, it is advisable to sprinkle water on the principle of water leakage around the stack. Stacked and covered with straw curtains to avoid wind, sun and rain. The temperature began to increase on the second day after the reactor was built. The temperature rose to 70 degrees Celsius on the fourth day. The material was seen sinking and the heat rising on the reactor. To the temperature drop on the 5th to 7th days, the first turning can be carried out, as far as possible, the material of the original pile is turned into the pile, and the bottom layer is turned on the top surface. The second time after four days, it is turned and the third time in four days. The turning can mix calcium superphosphate, calcium carbonate or gypsum, adjust the pH, check the moisture content of the material, and properly add water. After every four days, it will be piled up once every four days. The fifth time it is turned, it can be sprayed with insecticides, and the odor, color, softening degree, and moisture content of the material will be checked. That is, the pre-fermentation of the culture materials will be completed. The time interval for turning each pile depends on the weather. When the temperature is high, the pile can be piled once every 3-4 days. When the temperature is low, it can be piled once every 5-7 days. In the cultivation of mushroom culture materials, some abnormal conditions sometimes occur that affect the quality of the culture materials. 1, the material temperature can not be increased: it may be too much feces, heap pressure too tight, resulting in anaerobic fermentation. 2. The temperature of the stockpile cannot be raised to the technical specifications: it may be too much forage, and the stock is too loose and insufficient in water. 3. There is a white powdery material in the stacking material: it may be that the temperature of the material is too high, and the water content is insufficient. The high-temperature actinomycetes grow in large numbers, and the nutrients in the stack are consumed in large quantities. The treatment is to turn the heap to add moisture. 4, black material pile, feel sticky, smelly: may be too much feces, too wet, poor air permeability. 5, grass rot, fecal block, a musty: may be improper handling of pre-soak, too much soaked grass, and water content is too large. The fecal block is impregnated. Coupled with the previous failure to turn a pile, the material temperature can not rise. Secondary fermentation of secondary fermented mushroom cultures, also known as post-fermentation, is performed on the basis of the first fermentation, ie, cultivation of the material or pre-fermentation. Secondary fermentation can be carried out indoors or outdoors. The secondary fermentation of the indoor culture can be carried out in the first 2-3 days after the third turnover of the first fermentation. When the temperature rises, the material is fed into a mushroom bedstead and is leveled into 20-25 cm thick. Or enter the house 5-6 days after the fifth turnover of the first fermentation. After cultivating the material into the house, seal the doors and windows so that they cannot be discouraged. The heating source may be hot steam, power source, coal burning, and the like. Raise the room temperature within 8-12 hours to 60-65 degrees Celsius for 4-6 hours. Then cool down to 50-52 degrees Celsius for 4-5 days. Allow the temperature to fall to 25-27 degrees Celsius before planting. After the first fermentation, the second fermentation of the outdoor culture medium was rebuilt after the temperature of the material had not dropped. Before the construction of the heap, open a ventilation ditch at the bottom of the heap. Piled up and covered with straw. It is covered with a plastic film at night and rain. It is held within a distance of about 20 cm with bamboo sticks. The temperature of the next day after the construction of the heap should rise to 60 degrees Celsius, maintain 4-6 hours, and then set off the cover to cool down to 50-52 degrees Celsius, this time to insert some 5 cm deep holes in the plug to enhance ventilation. Keep this for 4-5 days, and enter the house in time when the material temperature is not falling. However, there are several issues to be noticed when performing secondary fermentation of mushroom culture materials: 1. When the culture materials for secondary fermentation are carried out indoors or outdoors, they must be carried out quickly when the temperature of the first fermentation material is not reduced. 2, after the second fermentation after warming, moisture evaporation loss. Appropriately replenish moisture after fermentation. The supplemental water temperature should be consistent with the feed temperature. 3, the second fermentation time is generally 4-5 days, the time should not be too long. Timely access to the house. 4. For the second fermentation in the room, indoor ventilation must be done before sowing. 5. For the second time of outdoor fermentation, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature of the reactor is increased or decreased on time, and the ventilation is enhanced to ensure the quality of the culture material. After the second fermentation of the culture material is further matured, promote the growth and development of a large number of beneficial microorganisms, promote the decomposition of nutrients and the accumulation of effective nutrients, and kill pests and harmful microorganisms in the culture materials, so that the mycelia of mushroom strains in the shortest time Within the nutrition environment, smooth growth and development. The quality of the culture medium should be soft and lustrous. The manure is soft and fluffy. It becomes gray-brown, but it is not black, has no agglomerates, no ammonia, no fecal odor, no acid rot and no musty taste. The grass is soft, resilient and sticky. It can be pulled hard. Scraping the grass with nails, the epidermis is easily detached but is constantly odorless and has a grassy smell. It is not mild and brownish. The water between the fingers of the hand is squeezed to seep out of water, forming a mass, not sticky, and loose to spread. pH 6.8-7.2. There is still more than 50 degrees Celsius on the fifth day after the last turn, but no more than 60 degrees Celsius. The volume of the heap is reduced by about 40%, the weight of the material is reduced by about 30%, and the moisture content is about 65%. (South China Agricultural University Liang Zhihui)

According to the medicinal part, we called the kind that use bark to process Chinese Medicinal Herbs Bark. Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. Some of them have special medicinal value, through the historical experience and modern science, now they are important in herbal medicine area. Such as Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex and ALBIZIAE CORTEX.

Chinese Medicinal Herbs Bark

Chinese Medicinal Herbs Bark,Silktree Albizia Bark,Herb Mori Cortex,Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex

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