Cotton is often an out-of-breed crop. The layout of the variety should be centralized. There must be a 500-meter or more isolation zone between colored cotton and white upland cotton, long-staple cotton or colored cotton of different colors to prevent cross-pollination and mutual contamination, resulting in significant The economic loss and variety are mixed. First, preparation before broadcast 1, Shizu base fertilizer. In order to ensure high yield, high quality and high efficiency of colored cotton, reasonable investment is the basis. Basal fertilizer must adhere to the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. High-yielding cotton field base fertilizer requires 2,000 kg/mu of farmyard fertilizer (1 mu old, the same below) or 50-100 kg/mu of oil residue, 20 kg/mu of urea, and 10% diammonium phosphate. 15 kg/mu, potassium sulfate 5-10 kg/mu. Because of its poor fertility, sand-heavy lands can have a low total amount of chemical fertilizers. When the oil residue is returned to the field, the oil residue in the ward cannot be transferred to a non-disease area to prevent the oil residue from contaminating the cotton field in the non-endemic area with fusarium wilt. The return of cotton stalks to the field should be cotton stalks in disease-free cotton fields. All kinds of basal fertilizers must be turned into soil before sowing, and the depth of tillage must reach 15-20 cm. 2, drug seed dressing. In order to prevent the pests such as thrips and ground tigers, Miaoquan, Miaoqi and the reduction of long seedlings should be ensured. Before seeding, seed must be seeded with 40% acephate emulsion or 10% lindane or cotton corning. 3, fine soil preparation. The key to land preparation is to cultivate the soil in a timely manner and to achieve the six-character standard of “墒, 平, 松, 碎, 净, 齐”. The irrigation of cotton fields in winter must be done in the early spring, in order to ensure sowing of planting. Second, sowing 1, appropriate sowing. The soil can be sown when the temperature of the soil is stabilized at 5°C by 14°C. Under normal climatic conditions, the best sowing date for southern Xinjiang is April 5-20 and April 8-20 for northern Xinjiang. Although the mulching film can be planted earlier, it is important to pay attention to the low temperature and frost that may occur when the planting is too early, so that the rotten seeds or seedlings suffer freezing injury and affect the whole seedlings. The principle of "seeding before frost and emergence after frost" should be adopted. Sandy land and lyrical cotton fields should be sown with priority. 2, rational close planting. The conservation of seedling density in southern Xinjiang is 8000-9000 plants/mu, and that in the northern area is 9000-10000 plants/mu. The matching plant and row spacing are suitable. The average row spacing of narrow film is 50 cm, and the width of the wide film is (30+60). Centimeters, an average of 45 centimeters. The width of the wide and narrow membranes is 13-14 cm. 3, strictly control the quality of planting. Whether it is a one-stop mechanical sowing or post-planting, the planter or puncher must be carefully debugged and inspected before sowing, so as to achieve the best state and standard line and plant spacing requirements. When sowing, it is required that the membrane be laid straight, not pleated, close to the ground, tightly laminated, straight sowing, consistent depth of punching (about 3 cm), even seeding (2-3 capsules per hole), consistent thickness of cover soil (2 cm), finally reached a complete seedling, the hole rate does not exceed 3%. Third, seedling and bud management 1, regular cleaning membrane surface, keep the membrane surface smooth. After sowing until the stage of seedling growth, the dust on the membrane should be removed regularly to ensure sufficient lighting surface and give full play to the thermal effect of the plastic film. 2, replant seedlings to help seedlings unearthed. In the cotton field under the membrane seeding sowing, when the cotyledons turn green, they can be planted, 2 plants per hole, and the soil is sealed and the membrane surface is kept clean. Before and after the emergence of ground inspection, found that the lack of seedlings and ridges should be promptly primed and replanted. For misplaced seedlings, the seedlings must be liberated immediately under the membrane. After raining, it must be promptly dismantled and the seedlings unearthed. 3, set the seedlings early. Dingmiao as early as scheduled production, two true leaves when the seedlings will be completed, leaving 1 per hole, lack of seedlings at the ridge adjacent points can stay two. When setting seedlings, strong seedlings should be kept, weak seedlings should be kept, healthy seedlings should be kept, diseased seedlings should be kept, and the size of the seedlings should be the same to ensure that cotton plants grow neatly. 4, as early as cultivator grass. After the cotton seedlings are present, timely cultivating and loosing soil should be done in time to keep the soil loose, which will help increase the temperature and protect the soil and promote the growth of cotton seedlings. Seedlings are usually 2-3 times tilled. When cultivating, no seedlings, pressure seedlings, shovel seedlings, or wounded seedlings are to be planted. In addition, the weeds were removed by combining with the fixed seedlings, and membrane holes were sealed with soil to achieve the purpose of herbicide. 5, pest control. The main pests of cotton seedlings are ground tigers, thrips, and cotton aphids. All cotton fields that have not been treated with chemical seed dressings must be sprayed immediately after the cotton seedlings are unearthed to prevent the emergence of headless and long seedlings. For the cotton aphid, when the spotting occurred, the cotton plant was smeared on the central strain and cotton within a range of 1 meter to control the spread of cotton aphid. The application of pesticides is mainly 40% omethoate EC or 50% monocrotophos EC, the ratio of pesticide to clear water is 1:5, and apply on the stem base of cotton seedlings with an appliance. 6, reasonable regulation. In order to promote stable budding of cotton plants, in the early bud stage (5-6 true leaves stage), the cotton plants may grow in size and use 0.5-1g/mu shrinkage for mild control to achieve control. under. Poor seedlings and poor fertility cotton fields may not be carried out. Fourth, flower and boll period management Brown cotton boll period is generally 60-70 days, green cotton is generally 65-75 days. During this period, the most vigorous growth of cotton, the absorption of nutrients, water, and the accumulation of dry matter, is the period of greatest impact on the yield and fiber quality. Management during the flowering and bolling period mainly ensures the coordinated growth of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton from fertilization, irrigation, regulation and prevention of pests and diseases. The cotton plants are strong but not prosperous, the bells are less shed, and the upper and middle lower parts are evenly distributed. The whole cotton field It is neither leggy nor premature. 1, Shi Hua Bell Fertilizer. In the first flowering period in the first 5-7 days before the first water combined with open ditch 15-20 kilograms per acre topdressing, 5 kg of diammonium phosphate on the side of the cotton plant 10-12 cm, the chemical fertilizer is strictly prohibited exposed on the soil surface. 2, foliar dressing. According to the growing appearance of the cotton plant, the foliar spray fertilizer is applied at a proper time (before and after the second water). 200-300 grams of urea, 200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 80-100 grams of borax were sprayed on the water per acre. 3, chemical regulation. During the flowering and bolling period, it is necessary to use chemical fertilizers in combination with water and fertilizers to achieve coordinated development of cotton individuals and population structure, ensure stable growth of cotton plants, reduce empty fruit branches, and increase the rate of ringing. To this end, the growth of each piece of cotton field must be followed by a person responsible for this work. The general flowering and bolling period should be adjusted two times: that is, 3-4 grams of shrinkage per mu before head water, and 3-5 grams of shrinkage per acre before every second water. In order to give full play to the advantages of the top ringing, it may not be adjusted after 7 days. When spraying, make sure that it is even and not leaking. 4, science irrigation. Timely and adequate irrigation is the key to high yields in cotton, and should be based on the climate, soil moisture content, and long-term growth of cotton. The general principle is "the appropriate amount of time, the water is evenly distributed, without irrigation." The whole growth period irrigation 3-4 times, filling 250-300 cubic meters per mu. General cotton field headwaters should not be too early, nor should it be affected by drought, and southern Xinjiang should start irrigation on June 20th. The last irrigation was around August 20, but the more sandy cotton fields should be shallow-watered once in late August. 5, pest control. Mid-June-August is the occurrence period of cotton aphid, cotton bollworm and red spider. If these pests cannot be controlled, the cotton production will be reduced. This stage is mainly through the application of pesticides, Yang Shuzhi to induce and seal the poison after fumigation, spraying pesticides for prevention and treatment. 6, timely pruning. The timely pruning can inhibit the vegetative growth of the cotton plant and reduce the invalid flower bell, which is beneficial to the full development and maturity of the existing flower bell and improve the boll weight and fiber quality. It is required that the top should be played on July 10-20. The standard is to fight 1 leaf and 1 heart, and it is strictly forbidden for a large number of slugs to appear. For the long cotton field, after August 10th, the remaining buds will be removed to reduce nutrient consumption, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and ensure the normal maturation of the bolls.