The principles of fertilizing a tea garden are essential for ensuring healthy growth and high-quality tea production. First, organic fertilizers should be the main source, with a combination of both organic and inorganic fertilizers to provide balanced nutrients. Second, nitrogen is crucial for tea plants, but it should be used in conjunction with phosphorus and potassium to ensure all necessary elements are available. Third, emphasis should be placed on base fertilization, combining it with top-dressing for optimal nutrient uptake. Fourth, fertilization must be done rationally, taking into account the specific needs of the tea plants and soil conditions. Lastly, rhizosphere fertilization—applying nutrients directly around the roots—is most effective, and it can be supplemented with foliar feeding when needed.
Regarding tea garden fertilization techniques, the key lies in understanding the right timing and methods. For base fertilizer, it's best to apply it during late autumn or early winter, after the aboveground parts of the tea plant have stopped growing or the plantation has reached full canopy coverage. The earlier you apply it, the better, as it helps replenish nutrients for the next growing season.
Top-dressing should be applied at different stages throughout the growing season. Based on the annual growth cycle of the tea plant, as well as soil properties and field conditions, young tea plants typically receive one application per year, while mature plants may need three applications. The best time for top-dressing is at the beginning of each growth period, such as before the new buds start to sprout or during the early tea harvest.
Fertilization methods in tea gardens include acupuncture, ditching, spreading, and top-dressing. Acupuncture involves applying concentrated fertilizer near the roots, which is efficient and cost-effective. In newly planted tea gardens, where the spacing between plants is still open, holes can be dug 10 to 30 centimeters away from the tea plant. On sloped fields, trenches are opened in the spring on the upper side and in the summer on the lower side, rotating the location each time. After applying fertilizer, it’s important to cover the soil promptly to prevent nutrient loss.
For closed or nearly closed tea gardens, liquid fertilization is commonly used. Since the roots are densely covered, this method is more frequently applied during the top-dressing season, especially in wet soil conditions. When using liquid fertilizers, it's important to monitor the concentration to avoid root burn. Ammonium sulfate is typically used at 0.5–1%, and calcium superphosphate at 1–2%. To maximize its effectiveness, calcium superphosphate should be soaked for 1–2 days before application. However, to fully realize its benefits, it should be combined with proper harvesting, irrigation, and soil cultivation practices.
No matter the method, regular weeding and soil cultivation are essential to reduce competition from weeds and improve fertilizer efficiency. By integrating these practices, tea growers can ensure sustainable and productive tea gardens for years to come.
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