Ningguo City, Anhui Province, is the traditional main producing area of ​​Atractylodes macrocephala, which has been planted for more than 40 years. Because of its large size, hypertrophy, and good quality, it is loved by merchants everywhere. The average annual planting area of ​​Atractylodes macrocephala is about 90 hectares, and the output value is about 2 million yuan. It is one of the main sources of income for medical and agro-farms in the city. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of Atractylodes planting area, the diseases of Atractylodes macrocephala show a trend that tends to occur year after year, especially in the seedling stage; root rot of adult roots and rhizomes, white peony disease; leaf spot blight The incidence rate is high and the damage is the most serious. The agricultural administration has brought about greater economic losses.
First, the law of occurrence and hazard characteristics
1, Blight: also known as rotten stem pods, is the main disease of Atractylodes seedling stage. The pathogen is Rhizoctonia solani. The pathogenic bacteria are mycelium or sclerotium that overwinters in the soil or in the host residue. They can rot in the soil for 2-3 years, and can invade and attack in the event of an appropriate host. Hyphae can be produced in the diseased part and spread quickly to harm the neighboring plants. The disease is a disease of low temperature and high humidity. In case of low temperature and rainy weather after sowing in early spring, the growth of the seedlings is slow, the tissue has not been corked, the disease resistance is weak, and it is highly susceptible to infection. Unemerged shoots, seedlings, and transplanting seedlings can all suffer damage, with bad shoots and rotten seed. After the seedlings were unearthed, water-stained dark brown spots appeared at the base of young stems near the surface, and they quickly extended around the stems. The stems became necrotic and contracted into linear "wire stems", and the diseased areas often adhered to small brown soils. Sclerotia, wilting above the ground, seedlings falling dead. It often causes the seedlings to die, resulting in the destruction of the seed. Moisture leaves close to the ground can also be victimized, with water-stained dark-brown spots on the edges and quickly spreading to the entire leaf.
2, root rot: also known as dry rot, is one of the important diseases of Atractylodes. Soil carriers and planting carriers are sources of disease infestation. In the storage process of planting, the heat resistance makes the disease resistance of seedlings decline is the main cause of the disease. When the soil is flooded, the soil is sticky, or the organic fertilizer is not applied, and the nematode and underground pests are harmed, the roots of the plant may be stunted or wounds may be generated, and the disease may be susceptible to bacterial infection. The germs require high temperatures, often during the late stages of plant growth, when the temperature rises, the disease suddenly occurs after continuous cloudy rain. The disease usually begins in late April and is in full bloom from June to August. The rate of diseased plants is about 20%, and severe disease fields can reach more than 60%. It gradually eased in late August and stabilized. The onset of symptoms is brown root rot. After spreading to the upper fleshy rhizomes and stalks, dark brown sag and rotten spots began to wilt on the ground. The rhizomes and culms showed that the vascular bundles showed a clear color change circle, and all the later rhizomes turned into sponge-like black dry rot. The plants withered and easily pulled out of the soil. Both new and old production areas are common, resulting in dry rot, stem rot and wet rot, which seriously affect the yield and quality.
3, white peony disease: commonly known as "white sugar rotten", harm rhizomes. Contaminated soil, fertilizers, and seed plants are sources of disease infestation. At the beginning of the disease, re-infestation occurs with mycelium spreading or sclerotia spreading with the water stream. The early-stage disease in the field is in the late April and June-August, when the onset of disease is rampant, and high temperatures and rainy weather can easily cause an epidemic. The average field block incidence is about 15%, serious illness fields up to 20%. After August, the incidence rate gradually decreased, and the condition tended to be stable. The onset of symptoms is that the fibrous roots and rhizomes on the roots turn brown, and the surface of the rhizomes is covered with white hyphae. The milky white or light brown sclerotia can be seen in the hyphae. Sometimes white hyphae can also be seen on the soil surface around the base of the stem of the diseased plant, with sclerotia in between. With the development of the disease, the stems and leaves of the diseased plants gradually withered, and the underground rhizomes began to rot. The rotted roots showed "rotten potato" shape.
4. Leaf blight: Medicine farmers said that "iron leaf disease" is an important leaf disease that commonly occurs in the Atractylodes pilosula production area. The leaves are premature due to disease and lead to a reduction in production. The pathogens mainly overwintered with conidiospore and mycelium on the diseased bodies and species, and became secondary infestation sources at the beginning of the next year. The conidiospores of Hunchun conidium release conidia after water droplets, causing initial infection from invasion of stomata; new conidia are produced on lesions, and reinfestation and spreading are continuously caused. Seed carriers cause long-distance transmission, and rain showers are the main route of close communication. Insects and agricultural operations can also cause transmission. The disease has a long period of occurrence, and the epidemic needs high humidity. It begins to grow in late April, and it is abundant in rains from June to August. The incidence of disease is heavy when the temperature rises and falls. Symptoms of the disease were yellowish-green spots on the leaves. After the veins were limited to multiple angles, they formed an irregular shape, dark brown to black, the center was grayish, and the upper part was black spots. In severe cases, the lesions converge with each other across the entire leaf and appear iron black. The stems and bracts also produce similar brown spots.
Second, prevention and control measures. The root cause of Atractylodes macrocephala was caused by soil, seedlings, fertilizers, and carriers of pathogens. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of Atractylodes macrocephala must adhere to the principle of “prevention, prevention, and comprehensive prevention and control”. Under the premise of adhering to soil disinfection and seed planting, it is necessary to strengthen field cultivation and management and increase plant disease resistance. Inhibit the occurrence of diseases; once the disease can be used to block the wards to control the spread and spread of pathogens, can reduce the damage caused by disease.
1. Site preparation and site preparation: Afforestation nursery fields and cultivated fields should be selected from uncultivated wastelands or those with a long-term seeding of Atractylodes rhizome that are more than 4 years old, have a deep soil layer, and sit northwards and are well-drained sandy loam soil. The selected site is preferably a slightly sloped slope to facilitate water and drainage. In the nursery areas, it is better to use wasteland or wasteland on a slope with a slope between 10-15 degrees, and the overgrown leaves of Atractylodes macrocephala are too soft and resistant to disease. Pre-harvest winter plowing after harvesting will not only benefit the soil but also reduce weeds and pests. Before the next application of basal fertilizer, plowing again, according to the requirements of nursery or transplanting ground, finely chopped and flattened.
2, soil disinfection: In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of damping-blight and other diseases, before the preparation, the nursery and the cultivation of 50 kg of lime powder per acre and then ploughing and sowing; 50% before sowing and transplanting Carbendazim or 50% Rhizoctonia granules treatment soil with 1-2 kilograms per acre; avoid soil seedlings or planting.
3. Seed treatment: Before sowing, select fresh, full, and disease-free seeds with the same maturity to be soaked in warm water of 25-30°C for 24 hours and then remove them, and then use 50% of the equivalent amount of 0.3% of the enemy. 0.5% of the 50% carbendazim seed dressing, this can not only make the seed water swelling, but also play a bactericidal effect, reduce the incidence of diseases during growth.
4, narrow bed nursery, timely sowing: the first to open 60 cm deep, 40 cm wide furrow groove and waist ditch; do width 80 cm seedbed, adjacent to the depth of 30 cm between two seedbeds, The drainage ditch with a width of 25 cm at the bottom of the ditch is in communication with the waist ditch and the ditch ditch, and the bed surface is made into a turtle shape so as to facilitate drainage. Sowing should be done in late March in early April as well, too late to be vulnerable to late frost; too late, due to higher temperature, suitable for short growth period in the early stage, poor seedling growth, vulnerable to pests and weeds, planting yield low. The use of narrow bed nursery and short-term sowing can reduce the occurrence and spread of damping-off and other diseases, and reduce the number of colonization.
5, choose the surgery plant, sorghum cultivation: in the selection of dwarf broadleaved varieties with strong disease resistance, based on the selection of the top bud full, developed roots, young skin, round tail large disease-free and robust surgery (planting Plant the seeds before harvesting and planting, and then soak them for 5 to 5 minutes with 50% thiophanate-methyl or 50% tumefaite 1000-fold solution, dry them and seed them; The ditch, with a larger area (above), was changed to a girdle with a "+" gutter communicating with the ditch. Then, about 120 centimeters wide, about 30 centimeters wide, 30 centimeters deep between adjacent bracts, and 20 centimeters wide at the bottom of the gully to communicate with the gutters and gutters. The gills were made into a turtle shape, mostly locally from late December to the second year. Transplanting in late February, early planting is good, early root system developed, deep rooted, robust growth, drought resistance and strong suction, disease resistance is also strong.
6, to strengthen management, rational fertilization: field management should be strengthened, seedlings should be between the close seedlings and sick and weak seedlings, transplanting field soil weeding should be shallow should not be deep, so as not to hurt the roots, and do a good job of drought relief, prevent the field Water shortage or humidity is too high. Before the rain or dew is dry, it is not appropriate to carry out all agricultural operations such as cultivating and weeding, seedlings, buds, seed collection, planting and harvesting to prevent the spread of germs. At the same time, the control of underground pests and nematodes cannot be ignored. "Employing basal fertilizer, applying early Miaofei, and reapplying bud fertilizer" is the experience summarized by the drug-producers in the producing areas. Therefore, it is emphasized that one-time application of basal fertilizer should be performed. Basal fertilizer should be decomposed (harmless) manure or compost, with 1000-1500 kg of Mushi in the nursery and 2500-4000 kg of Mushi in the transplanted land, with compound fertilizer applied. The top dressing is preferably human-fecal urine and other quick-acting fertilizers. The seedlings are basically flushed out and applied one at a time in late May, and the manure is 800-1000 kg. After the buds were harvested, 50 kg of cooked cakes were cooked in Mushi, 1,000 kg of human waste and 30 kg of superphosphate. Minimize the use of chemical fertilizers, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, apply sufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, prevent Atractylodes saplings from being leggy, so as to improve the quality of Atractylodes macrocephala and enhance their resistance to disease.
7, adhere to the rotation: Atractylodes bogey continuous work, and can not be cabbage, Scrophulariaceae, peanuts, sweet potato, tobacco, Solanaceae and other plants rotation. It can be used as a light crop for grasses and other crop rotations. The rotation period is more than 4 years, which can reduce the damage of various diseases. Planting in the mountains should not be planted on the downhill of plants that grow Atractylodes and plants that are susceptible to ferrets (such as tomatoes). Otherwise, the rainwater colonies are susceptible to diseases.
8. Chemical control: Rhizoctonia occurs in the seedling stage of Atractylodes macrocephala, and it is treated with 50% lime water in the initial stage. It is also possible to use 50% thiophanate-methyl, 50% carbendazim, and 75% dikeson 800-1000 times liquid spray. Prevention and control, once in 7 days, 2-3 times in succession, can control its spread. When Daejeon finds a root rot or a disease-causing disease in the center of the disease, it should remove the diseased plants and burn them in a concentrated manner, and then use 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times to irrigate the wards. At the same time, the healthy strains around the diseased plants were sprayed to control the spread of the disease. It is also possible to fully infuse irrigation once for the first time. In the onset of iron leaf disease, while intensively treating the stubs of diseased plants, spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim 500-800 times, once every 7 days for 2-3 consecutive times.

Veterinary Injection

Tylosin Injection,Veterinary Injection,Inj Oxytetracycline,Ivermectin 1 Injectable

NINGBO VOICE BIOCHEMIC CO. LTD , https://www.pharma-voice.com