In a dairy cattle specialty village, the whole village has 2,000 adult dairy cows. Before 1997, the average milk production of dairy cows was about 2600 kg. From 1997 to 1999, the County Animal Husbandry Bureau carried out technical measures to increase the yield of low-yielding dairy cows. The comprehensive supporting technology is applied to the production of dairy cows. By 1999, dairy cows produced 4,850 kg of milk each year, an increase of 2,250 kg from the previous year, an increase of 865%. The village has more than 1300 average annual milk production of 5,500 to 6,000 kg. The total milk production increased from 4.65 million kg to 9.85 million kg, an increase of 113%, and the average annual net profit was 1,100 yuan, and the economic benefits were significantly improved. The main technical measures taken are:
1 Use good breeds to breed high-yielding herds
The cows raised in this village are purchased from other parts of the country. The dairy cows are of poor quality and produce less milk. In 1994, when it began to be improved, the output of dairy cows increased with a certain degree of strength. However, the production potential was low and the milk fat percentage was low, which could not meet the needs of commodity production. Therefore, on the basis of past work, we have developed the breeding policy of “Bulls Full Castration, Full Cow Filling†and use frozen and special Holstein Holstein purchased from the provincial breeding station. With several years of hard work, the main production performance indicators of the dairy cows in the village have all reached the Chinese Holstein breed standard. The average body height of adult cows was 135.15cm, the average body weight was 570kg, the milk fat rate reached 3.47%, and the average annual milk production was close to 5000kg. Four high-yielding dairy cows were raised to form a better breed.
2 Overcoming Infertility and Increasing Reproductivity
Cow breeding rate is one of the important factors restricting the yield of dairy cows. Previously, the village cows had an average reproduction rate of about 75%, which was 10% lower than the normal production index. According to the data on this site, it is estimated that 85% will be the cut-off point. If the breeding rate is higher or lower than 1%, the annual output of dairy cows may be increased by 50-80kg or reduced by 80-100kg. The reason for the low rate of reproduction was mainly due to the low rate of cold pregnancy and pregnancy caused by various infertility factors. Therefore, under the premise of strictly using the high-quality freeze-in sperm, we comprehensively used three sets of technical measures to improve the cold-fitting and conception rate. First, we carefully investigated the situation, timely and directly examined, comprehensively judged, and timely insemination; and secondly, post-partum discretionary administration. Prevent uterine infection and promote functional recovery; Third, prevent and treat reproductive system diseases and overcome infertility. For normal estrus cows, normal postpartum cows, and infertile cows with reproductive system diseases, treat them differently and adopt appropriate technical measures as appropriate. In 1999 it achieved ideal results. The rate of cold pregnancy is 91%, the lactation cycle of dairy cows is in normal circulation, and the interval between the tires becomes more reasonable, which promotes the production of dairy cows.
3 Reasonably allocate feed and scientifically regulate feeding
In view of the fact that the village cows have a single feed for forage and feed, they don’t feed according to the standard, they don’t engage in compound feeds, they invest more, they produce less, they have high costs, and they have poor results. They change the backward feeding methods and adopt scientific and standard feeding techniques. . Its main approach is:
3.1 Properly develop a feeding plan Based on the cow raising standard and the nutritional value of forage feed, develop a feeding plan rationally, meet the nutritional requirements and meet the rations, do a variety of species, meet nutrition, feed green feed year round, according to the needs of ingredients, regular adjustments and appropriate Control the ratio of refined roughage, supplement minerals and vitamin supplements.
3.2 Improve summer feeding management Environment Climate has a great impact on dairy cow production. The temperature in July, August and September in the local area is as high as 37°C. It lasts for a long time and greatly exceeds the physiological temperature of dairy cows. The lactation is usually reduced by about 20%. We increase the energy and protein feed ratio in the dairy cow diet; extend the feeding time , increase feed intake; add diluted feed, drink plenty of water; ventilation and cooling, brushing the body of cattle; improve the health environment, reduce the impact of various heat stress on dairy cows. This will produce 3 to 5 kg of milk per cow per day than no measures.
3.3 Before the high-yielding measures are adopted for the mixture of green fodder and fodder, the village only feeds green fodder, and the output of fresh milk is 35 to 40 kg per head per day at the peak of milk production. As a result, inadequate intake of dry matter leads to frequent occurrence of “acidic†gastrointestinal diseases, and the cow’s mood is reduced, the body condition is poor, and milk production is reduced. We changed silage and hay to feed in a ratio of 5:1. That is, each head feeding silage 20 to 25kg, hay 5 ~ 6kg, better to solve the adverse consequences of simple feeding silage, the locust reached more than 70%, lay the foundation for lactation.
4 Carefully prevent dairy cows
"Three diseases" cows "three diseases" that is, limb and foot disease, metritis and mastitis are serious diseases that affect cows' milk secretion. They are very harmful and can cause 30% to 50% of the cows' output reduction and even be eliminated. We implemented the veterinary health care system in 1997 and adopted the combination of prevention and feeding management to comprehensively prevent and control the “three diseases†of dairy cows, which greatly reduced the incidence of “three diseasesâ€, including cowshoe and foot disease, metritis and breasts. The incidence of inflammation was controlled at 10%, 4% and 6%, respectively, and the loss was reduced by about 25%, which favorably safeguarded the health of cattle and increased milk production.
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