At present, it is the high season for vegetable production in the South. In Guangdong, Yunnan, and other places, some white radishes have become mature and can be listed on the farmland. Some mustard seedlings are being planted and potato seedlings are being planted. period. Fertilize vegetables before planting. As for what fertilizers to apply and how to fertilize them,
Q: Please analyze the rational fertilization method?
Experts: First of all, it is unreasonable to fertilize a large amount of granular urea on the ground surface in a vegetable pot just planting seedlings. This starts from the characteristics of urea. Urea is an amide nitrogen fertilizer with up to 46% nitrogen content. Although it is a water-soluble, fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer, the current temperature in the southern part of the winter is low, and there is not much rain, and it is difficult for the granular urea to dissolve on the ground surface quickly. However, if it is exposed to the atmosphere for a long time, as the granular urea slowly dissolves by the surface moisture, it will decompose into ammonium carbonate under the effect of surface urease. It is well known that the properties of ammonium carbonate are more unstable than ammonium bicarbonate, which is easier to decompose and produce ammonia gas and evaporate. Especially in the relatively dry surface, wind and rain can directly cause the loss of ammonia volatilization. The amount of this volatilization is positively correlated with the amount of fertilizer applied, surface temperature, atmospheric wind speed, and soil pH, and is inversely related to surface moisture. Numerous simulation experiments have shown that this method of fertilization results in a loss of volatilization of ammonia in the range of 30% to 50%. In addition, in vegetable greenhouse vegetable plots, when the amount of fertilizer is large, the volatilization of ammonia is serious, and when the ventilation is poor, it can directly cause ammonia burning to burn the seedling leaves. Sometimes hydrothermal conditions on the surface cause rapid decomposition of urea to form high concentrations of ammonium in the surface soil, causing problems with root burning. The volatilized ammonia is difficult for the peasants' friends to see with the naked eye, but when the seedlings grow, they need to use a lot of fertilizer, but the fertilizer is too small. At this time, they have to re-fertilize. This is an important reason for the low utilization of high-concentration urea.
Experts: Heap stalks on vegetable vines for organic fertilizer base fertilizers. The straw is not completely decomposed and directly turned into the soil. Since the carbon/nitrogen ratio of the straw is too wide, its decomposition rate will be slow. If the urea scattered on the ground is mixed with the straw and then turned into the soil, the straw will be decomposed quickly and become a qualified organic fertilizer due to the appropriate carbon/nitrogen ratio of the mixed material. The above description shows that changing the urea meter to use urea in the straw is a scientific and reasonable method for deep application of basal fertilizer. It is not only beneficial to the decomposition of straw but also improves the fertilizer efficiency of urea. Because urea is suitable for deep fertilization, the application of urea is beneficial both to the conversion of urea and to the loss of volatiles after the conversion of urea to ammonium carbonate.
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