The purpose of broiler production is to obtain maximum economic benefits and good quality products. However, due to the fast growth of commercial broilers, the broiler's ability to adapt to the environment and resistance to diseases is reduced, and at the same time, it is susceptible to many factors such as the quality of feed. As a result, the broiler's feed rewards are reduced, and the rate of death scouring is high, ultimately leading to lower economic benefits. Therefore, it is very important to keep the broilers in the winter and master the following feeding and management of broilers. 1. The building insulation performance of the coop is better, timely ventilation and cold winter weather, and the temperature required inside the home and the outside temperature are very different, not only to ventilation, but also to maintain the temperature within the house, which is the winter should solve the main problem. The chicken house requires good cold resistance and meets the winter insulation requirements. Prevention of chilling caused by chilling caused by chicks. While ventilating and ventilating, be careful not to cause the temperature in the house to be ups and downs, and to prevent the stress caused by the excessive temperature difference from causing the disease. It is advisable to use the ventilation outlet more than 1.5 meters above the back of the chicken. When the temperature drops sharply and the cold and heat insulation work cannot keep up, it is easy to make the broiler suffer from cold exogenous diseases and respiratory diseases such as coughing, sneezing, tracheal rales, and dyspnea. Therefore, the breeder must master the changes in the climate and do a good job in cold insulation. The hen house should be maintained to prevent thieves and drafts from invading the flock. The broilers raised on the plains must be thickened with litter and use litter to increase the room temperature. Always change the litter, open the window ventilation at noon. In general, ventilation is started at 6 days of age, and as the age increases, ventilation is increased so that the birds have enough oxygen. Three days before the chicks were housed, the temperature inside the house was controlled at 34.5°C-35°C. After the chickens enter the house, the temperature rises 1°C-2°C. The first week's temperature is preferably 35°C-36°C. At this time, the birds are in good condition, lively and spirited, evenly distributed, free in movement and normal in diet. At the same time, attention should be paid to changes in chickens in time to adjust the temperature, if the chickens clustered, "叽叽" chatter, shrinking head, etc., indicating that the temperature is too low, should increase the temperature within the premises; if there is open mouth breathing, frequent drinking water, etc. If the temperature is too high, reduce the internal temperature. At the age of 2 weeks, it dropped to 30°C-32°C, fell to 26°C-28°C at the age of 3 weeks, and dropped to a constant temperature of 23°C in 1 week. 2. Anti-ammonia gas accumulation The winter climate is cold. It is not possible to neglect ventilation and ventilation in order to keep the chicken house warm. The feces and damp litter discharged by the chickens are not cleared in time, resulting in the accumulation of ammonia in the chicken house, and the concentration increases. Causes broiler ammonia poisoning or other diseases. Ammonia can strongly irritate chicken respiratory mucosa and cornea. It usually causes the following hazards to broilers: weak flocking, loss of appetite, thickened oral fluids, increased drinking desires, difficulty in breathing in severe chickens, cough, runny nose, tears, The cornea becomes red until death. Because of the accumulation of ammonia in the homes, the relative lack of oxygen, coupled with the cold weather, the chicken's metabolic rate increased, for fast-growing broilers, it is easy to trigger ascites syndrome. In order to prevent the adverse effects of ammonia on broilers, it is recommended that chicken farms and chickens do a good job of the following feeding and management work: The laid litter should have a certain thickness, generally 5 cm or more; minimize watering during operation and prevent water leakage from the sink. , Wet litter; If the humidity in the house is too large, it should be promptly removed from the manure and damp litter. In addition, ammonia absorption and deodorizing agent can be used to reduce the ammonia concentration of the house. Commonly used are ferrous sulfate, superphosphoric acid, copper sulfate, hydrated lime and the like. 3, rational feeding, prevent disease transmission According to different growth stages of broilers, according to feeding standards formulated diet. Due to the low temperature in winter, the calories consumed by broilers are relatively large. When formulating diets, the standard of metabolic energy in feeds can be appropriately increased, and the proportion of protein in feeds should be properly reduced. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the vitamin content in diets to meet their needs. . Feed should be fed now to prevent freezing, and hot feed and warm water can be fed when conditions permit. The raw grain of the formulated feed must be free of mildew and impurities to prevent respiratory diseases. To do a good job of preventing viral diseases and bacterial diseases, when broilers have weak physique and decreased resistance, some diseases can also occur with respiratory diseases. Therefore, while improving the body's resistance, we must do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases. Vaccination against vaccination must be conducted in strict accordance with immunization procedures. Always use some medicines for disease prevention. The sheds are sterilized on a regular basis. The empty sheds are best treated with formalin fumigation. High quality non-toxic disinfectants should be used for spray disinfection. The chickens are sterilized on a regular basis and are generally implemented with spray disinfection and drinking water disinfection. After a respiratory disease occurs in a broiler, the veterinarian must promptly confirm the diagnosis and prescribe the right medicine. Symptomatic treatment can be properly applied to some asthma, cough medicine, can reduce the number of deaths due to breathing difficulties. The principle of prevention and control shall adopt comprehensive measures focusing on prevention and supplemented by treatment: establish a strict health and disease prevention system, do a good job of environmental sanitation, strictly control the entry of foreign workers and vehicles into the production field, formulate a scientific and effective disinfection system, and strengthen the use of breeding chickens. Monitoring and purification; drug control; immunity. Winter broilers must solve the contradiction between ventilation and heat preservation, maintain indoor air quality, strengthen health management, and use drugs rationally, so that the incidence rate will be greatly reduced and the growth and production of broilers will be guaranteed, so as to obtain ideal economic benefits. 4. Strengthen feeding and management Before entering the chicks, strictly scour, disinfect, and fumigate the chicks. Equipment, clothes, houses, etc. are thoroughly cleaned. Because of the physiological characteristics of broiler chickens, after entering the house, you should start eating after drinking water first, especially for chickens that are transported over long distances, which can promptly supplement the body's lost water. For chickens that are unwilling to move, measures of forced feeding should be used to artificially drive, but care should be taken to avoid the phenomenon of crushing. The illumination time should be shortened and should not be prolonged. The location, time and intensity of the light source should not be changed at will, so that the illumination in the house can be uniform. The ground should be dry, and the concrete should not be wetted and damp. It is best to use the tri-soil to hit the ground. The ground is breathable and dry and not dry. Choose good litter, use fresh, dry, soft, not mildew, good absorbent material, preferably wood shavings. When used, it should be used skillfully. It is better to lay the mat at one time. Do not add it sporadically. Turn it around so that it does not become hard, does not catch the felt, does not cling, and stays soft. To control drinking water to meet the needs of water, the general drinking water is 2-3 times the amount of material consumed, but not much water supply, because the water will increase the humidity of the litter, do not wash the vegetables in the house, do not store water in the house, prevent pad The material absorbs water and prevents running water when using the hose. In chicken diets, no amount of salt is used to prevent drinking more water, resulting in high moisture content or diarrhea in chicken droppings, and wetting of bedding. In addition, the fat content in the feed should not be too high, otherwise it will make the feces sticky, easy to lay on the litter, chicken gills on the top easily cause inflammation of the chest, cysts, protein in the diet should be appropriate, too much is not easy to digest, For example, if you feed many beancakes, it is easy to diarrhea and it is harmful to wet grass bedding. To solve the outstanding problems of forming breast cysts, such as raising cages or raising them online, add a soft rubber band to the bottom of the cage or the bottom of the net to prevent the chicken's chest from directly contacting with the sharp iron wire to avoid causing chest damage. Cysts. As long as the chicken is used with soft grass, it can prevent the occurrence of intestinal diseases in chickens without the use of hard litter or plate material. Broilers raised on the Internet are prone to non-communicable respiratory diseases, especially when broilers of about 25 days of age are prone to develop in winter. The cause of the disease is not bacteria or viruses, nor parasites. It is the result of poor husbandry and management. Generally, from the first day, continuous or intermittent air-drying, excessive dust, and in the case of poor ventilation, the chickens are affected. Inhalation, long-term accumulation and disease. Prevention and control measures are to maintain the temperature within the premises, increase ventilation, in order to guarantee the oxygen content in the house, is the chicken is not the incidence or the incidence of disease, as soon as possible after the onset of the basic conditions for recovery. To maintain a certain humidity in the house, the humidity in the first week is about 20%, and the humidity in the second week to the slaughter should be maintained at about 60%. More than 3 weeks old broilers should be ventilated, and the temperature in the house should not be lower than 21°C. Try to reduce unnecessary stress factors and take all possible means to allow chickens to eat, so as to ensure the body's energy needs and enhance the disease resistance of chickens. In addition to taking the above measures, appropriate amounts of antibiotics and vitamins or baking soda are added to drinking water and feed to enhance the anti-stress ability of chickens and to alleviate the acidosis caused by poor breathing. 5. Hygienic management of chicken farms First of all, chickens should be introduced from healthy chicken farms to prevent pathogens from spreading through vertical transmission. Second, we should create a good breeding environment, including the chicken farm environment and home environment. The general environment means that the site should be selected as far away as possible from other chicken farms, with open terrain, convenient transportation, and no noise. The home environment refers to good insulation and ventilation conditions, with a separate storage room, disinfection pool, locker room, tool room and so on. Keeping utensils and sterilizers are strictly differentiated and regularly sterilized to prevent horizontal transmission of diseases. At the same time, the occurrence of disease outbreaks in neighboring chicken farms and in the area are regularly monitored and preventive measures are taken. Regularly monitor the health condition of the flocks in this farm and handle the epidemic in time. Third, adhere to the principle of sterilizing chickens, eradicating rodents, preventing rodent-transmitted diseases, burying dead chickens, and isolating chickens from healthy chickens. In short, the feeding and management of broilers in winter is a comprehensive task. Apart from the above points, there are also many factors such as the immunization of chickens, the lack of feed, the quality of feed, and the management of breeders. The comprehensive consideration of the key points of the link can improve the economic benefits of raising chickens in winter. Author: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Wu Yanping Huojun Hong

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