The image is missing, but here's a well-revised and expanded English version of the original text, rewritten for clarity, coherence, and natural flow. It exceeds 500 characters: --- **(1) Continuous Fattening Method** The continuous fattening method involves immediately moving calves to the fattening stage after weaning, continuing until they reach slaughter weight (between 12–18 months of age, weighing 400–500 kg). This approach is widely used in countries like the United States, Canada, and the UK. With this method, more than 50% of the diet can consist of concentrates, allowing flexibility with grazing or supplemental feeding. The system also supports "lying-feed larvae" practices. Continuous fattening is efficient due to high weight gain during growth, better feed conversion, and shorter feeding periods. The resulting beef is tender, second only to young white beef, and more cost-effective than raising yaks. It’s a popular and effective method. **1. Grazing and Supplementary Feeding Fattening** In areas with good pastures, calves are mainly grazed after weaning, with supplementary feeds like hay or concentrate added as needed to reach 400 kg by 18 months. To achieve this, calves must gain an average of 0.9–1 kg per day during lactation, 0.4–0.6 kg in winter, and 0.9 kg in the second summer. During dry seasons, 1–2 kg of concentrate per day is recommended. Proper grouping is essential—each group should be around 50 animals, with regular rotation. In China, a cow weighing 120–150 kg requires 1.5–2 hectares of pasture. Always ensure access to water and salt, and watch for heat stress in summer. **2. Grazing-Sheltering-Grazing Fattening** This method suits calves born in September–November. Calves are breastfed or artificially fed during lactation, gaining about 0.6 kg per day. At weaning, they weigh around 70 kg. Afterward, they are fed mainly roughage, with silage or hay available freely in winter. No more than 2 kg of concentrate per day is given to maintain a daily gain of 0.9 kg. By 6 months, they reach 180 kg. From April to October, they graze on lush pastures, aiming for 1.2 kg gain per day. By 12 months, they weigh 430 kg. In the final phase, they continue with free access to silage or hay, receiving 2–3 kg of concentrate daily to reach 490 kg at 18 months. **3. Shelter Feeding Fattening** This method starts with a detailed production plan, tailored to the animal’s age and desired slaughter weight. After weaning, calves are continuously fattened, with feeding levels adjusted based on growth intensity. For cattle slaughtered at 12–15 months, higher feeding levels are required to achieve daily gains above 1 kg. When planning, factors such as market demand, feed costs, farm conditions, breed, and slaughter timing are considered. The finishing period is divided into two or three stages, with appropriate feeding and management strategies applied at each step. **(II) Concentrated Finishing** This method involves feeding high-concentrate diets to cattle aged around 2 years who haven’t been properly fattened. It improves meat quality and economic returns. In later stages, options include grazing with supplements, straw combined with concentrates, silage-based diets, or alcohol-based feeds. **1. Grazing Plus Supplementation** This simple method makes use of local resources, requiring low investment and offering high returns. It’s ideal for pastoral and mountainous regions in China. **2. Treated Straw + Concentrates** In agricultural areas with abundant crop residues, treated straw provides a low-cost feed source. Chemical or biological treatments enhance digestibility and palatability. Ammoniated straw, for example, increases crude protein by 1–2 times and improves organic matter digestibility by 20–30%. It’s widely used in beef cattle finishing, with significant research and application across the country. --- Let me know if you'd like it tailored further for a specific audience or purpose!

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