Efficient feeding methods for lactating cattle

The lactation period of lactating cattle can generally be divided into the early stage of lactation, the prolific stage of lactation, the late stage of lactation, and the dry stage of lactation. Due to the different performance and feeding characteristics of dairy cows at different stages, the requirements for feeding and management are also different. At present, the feeding methods of dairy cows include conventional feeding methods, advance feeding methods, and challenge feeding methods.

Routine feeding green feed, rough feed and auxiliary materials meet the nutritional needs of dairy cows, and concentrate feeds meet the nutritional needs of milk production. Every kilogram of milk produced by dairy cows is fed with 1 kilogram of mixed concentrate. This "feed according to milk" method is called conventional feeding of dairy cows. It is suitable for cows whose body condition is normally in late lactation.

The pre-feeding method starts from 15-20 days after the cows are born, and on the premise of the cows eating enough green feed, roughage and auxiliary materials, based on the “dairy feeding” to meet the actual nutritional needs of their maintenance and lactation, they are given more every day. 1-1.5 kg of mixed concentrate is used as a pre-paid feed to increase milk production. During the entire period of lactation, the supply of concentrate feed increases with milk production until milk production no longer increases. This feeding method is called advance feeding, also known as short-term excellent feeding. This feeding method is suitable for cows whose milk production is in the lactation phase.

The challenge feeding method is based on the normal feeding in the dry milk period (about 1.8-2.5 kg of dry concentrate concentrate feed), starting from the two weeks before the expected delivery, adding 0.45 kg of mixture daily. Concentrates, the amount of concentrate feeding at the time of delivery can reach 0.5%-1% of the cow's body weight. After the calving, if the cow body is normal, 0.45 kg of mixed concentrate can be added on the basis of feeding before the delivery, until the dairy cow milk production no longer increases, but the supply of roughage must not be less than the weight of the cow. .5%, such as the increase in the past, and gradually reduce the material. The characteristics of this method of breeding are to guide the training of the cows to feed the precocious material from the prenatal period, and to prepare for the physiological functioning of the large amount of the postharvest concentrate. Therefore, this method of breeding is also called the guidance breeding method. Because cows feed high-energy, high-protein concentrates during the postpartum period, they can effectively reduce the consumption of cattle and maximize the potential for lactation of postpartum dairy cows. This is also called challenge feeding. It is suitable for the breeding of high-producing dairy cows from the first two weeks of delivery until the end of the lactation peak.

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