Burdock is also known as a strong herb on Chinese herbal medicines. It is a perennial herb of the Asteraceae family. It originates from Asia and uses seeds as its medicine. After the improved Daedongzi, it mainly eats rhizomes. As a green nutritious food, it is also called harmless vegetables. In developed countries and regions, especially Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, adults can eat about 100 kilograms of beef calves a year and become an indispensable vegetable food in life. China introduced the successful in 1992, and now as the export of foreign vegetables for development, Dingzhou introduction has been eighty or nine years, planting area of ​​a thousand acres, burdock general yield of genuine 1500 kg per mu, high yield of about 2500 kg. The per mu output value is generally around 2,000 yuan. The use of burdock is quietly rising in our country, and its use value and economic benefits are increasingly known. Therefore, the development of burdock has a certain development prospect. First, the cultivation characteristics and the requirements for environmental conditions: burdock root diameter is generally 3-4 cm, 70-100 cm long, grayish white flesh, plant thick, convulsions after plant height 150-180 cm. Flowering to seed maturity 30-40 days, 1000-grain weight 12-14 grams, germination years 3-5 years. 1 temperature: calf thermophilic heat and cold, seed germination temperature of 20-25 °C, growth temperature is also suitable for 20-25 °C, cold tolerance of the ground is weak, plants below 3 °C withered, and the root can withstand -20 °C Low temperature. After the winter crops die in the winter, the roots overwinter and the buds grow again in the following year. The burdock is chloroplast vernalization. When the rhizomes are more than 3-9 cm, they can feel the effects of low temperature, and the low temperature accumulates around 5°C for more than 1400 hours. Then give 12- A 13-hour long day can promote flower bud differentiation and flowering. Therefore, sowing in the autumn can not be too early to prevent excessive rhizomes during the vernalization stage. 2 Light: Burdock is a thermophilic plant that promotes germination in the presence of light. Bright light and long daylight plants are well developed, and the fleshy roots grow fast and full. 3 requirements for soil conditions: burdock roots due to the strict requirements of the soil, requiring soil less than one meter deep for the sandy loam is better, otherwise, more roots, poor quality, soil sand, root easily hollow, not suitable for water and fertilizer In the process of growing, the burdock is rotted if it is continuously flooded for more than two days. Fertility is required, and soil organic matter is more than 2% (about 400 kg of wheat per mu of fertility). Second, sowing season, seeding rate and spacing: Burdock can be sowed twice a year, spring from late March to early April (covered with plastic film) sowing, autumn October to November harvest; autumn late September to mid-October Sowing, it is also necessary to use plastic film coverage, over the winter period covered with a small arch shelter film. There are 4 or so species per acre, row spacing is 90 centimeters, plant spacing is 7-10 centimeters, and 9,000-10,000 strains are planted in acres. Three, soaking germination: soaking in fresh water, drifting medlar, soaking seeds for 12-24 hours, placed at 25 °C conditions, two days of budding, then sowing, about 7 days after sowing unearthed. 4. Apply base fertilizer and furrow planting: 2,000 kg of high quality crude fertilizer required per acre, 2 parts of fermented chicken manure (fermentation), 25 kg of diammonium, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, 5 kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.5 kg of symplectic Phosphorus. The above fine fertilizer is spread along the ditch line before the ditching, and the pesticide mixes with the water and mixes with poisonous soil, and is spread in the sowing ditch. Pour a large amount of water before you open the ditch to ensure that the soil does not dry when you open the ditch. The burdock is first opened by a trencher to a depth of 90-100 cm. After the ditch is opened, a natural earthworm is formed. The beak is about 25 cm high and a ditch is formed every 90 cm. On both sides of the malleolus, use the foot to press it. The upper part of the malleolus is lightly stepped on by the foot and is well-grounded with a spade. Then a small furrow is opened on the spade with a small bowl. The furrow depth is 5-7 cm and 4-5 cm. Acupuncture points are sowed, one for each hole, 7 acres of seedlings in a small ditch, and 1-2 cm for covering the soil. V. Field management: 1. Covering with plastic film. After the seed is unearthed, it will be broken in time. 2. Burdock is not drought tolerant at seedling stage, and it is necessary to pour small water, especially for sowing in the spring to keep the soil moist. 3. Timely seedlings, Dingmiao, leave 1 plant per hole. Holes 8-10 cm. 4. Spray a mixture of thiophanate-methyl and green wind 95 at seedling stage to prevent dead seedlings and promote growth. 5. If it is sowing in the fall, when a small shed is covered in mid-November, a small amount of bait can be applied to the worm to prevent insect bites. 6. Overwintering water in late November. 7. When spring burdock sprouts new leaves, remove dead leaves in time. 8. After spring burdock grows 4-5 new leaves, it begins to top-dressing and watering. A small ditch is opened on the side of the plant, and 10 mu of urea is chased by mu. 9. After sowing the winter calf in autumn, on April 20th, pay attention to the cooling of the small arch shed and remove the small arch shed after April 25. 10. Live burdock in the spring, during the growth process, it is necessary to prevent storms during summer rain and arrange rainwater drainage. 11. Timely control of pests and diseases, the main disease to blight, with carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb zinc and other fungicides can be. Found powdery mildew prevention and treatment with Triadimef; pest control is mainly to do a good job of prevention and control of aphids, available dimethoate or pollution-free pesticides. 12. Harvest in a timely manner, remove the stems and leaves before harvesting, open a small ditch along the side of the burdock, and use a large water side to fill the ditch and pull out manually. Grab and tie up in time after pulling out. Sixth, the nutritional value and efficacy of burdock: burdock is rich in nutrients, eating burdock has to promote blood circulation, prevention and treatment of hypertension, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, stroke prevention, blood sugar lowering effect, in addition there is nourishing yin yang, stomach The effect of rickets and beauty. Seven, fresh burdock method: First, the roots of burdock washed with water, remove the rough outside the thin skin, and then to do a different approach: 1. The burdock cut into slices or cut into small pieces and meat stew, can also be cut into Slices fried with meat. 2. Cut the burdock in a filiform shape, scald it with boiling water and mix it with cold water. 3. Cut the burdock into filaments, rinse with water, dry it with oil, and remove it when it is slightly yellow. Add a little sugar or stir-fried sesame seeds. Eight, burdock processing: 1. burdock beverages 2. burdock wine 3. burdock tea 4. burdock dishes, about the next defective or fine roots marinated.
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