Crimson, also known as saffron, crocus, is a subtropical medicinal plant. With its filaments (style and stigma) into the medicine, with swelling and pain, blood stasis, nourishing pass and other effects. In the early 1980s, the city of Sandu Town first introduced the safflower bulbs for test planting. By 2002, the city's safflower planting area has reached more than 3,000 acres. According to the survey statistics, the average safflower per acre can receive 850 tons of bulbs, the highest can receive more than 2000kg, the average harvestable filament dry weight 0.75kg. Because the safflower reproduces by bulbs, the reproduction rate is only 1.5-1.8, the propagation speed is slow, the planting scale is difficult to expand, and it is far from meeting the market demand. Therefore, the price of coriander bulbs and filaments has been increasing year by year, and the planting of Xihong is increasing. The economic benefits are better. First, the safflower bulb morphology and growth characteristics Crimson is an iris family, I rely on the propagation of the bulb. Bulbous oblate, nearly narcissus or garlic Po morphology; leaf basal, long linear, veins white, leaf margin slightly recurved; flower top, perianth 6, violet blue, stamens 3, pistil 1, style 3 The style extends into the quilt and is dark red. The stigma tip is slightly enlarged and horn-shaped. It has a rich aroma. The safflower plants in our country are divided into two stages: field propagation of bulbs and indoor cultivation and flowering. In general, in mid-November, bulbs are transplanted into the field until the middle of May of the following year. The saffron is more hardy and resistant to rain and water. It is suitable for planting in areas that are warm in winter and have a minimum temperature of minus 7-10°C. Harvesting from the bulbs to the bulbs into the field is the indoor cultivating and flowering stage, which is usually divided into four stages of growth and development: total dormancy, assimilating leaf differentiation, flower bud differentiation and flowering. June is the dormancy period; from the end of June to the end of July, it is the assimilating leaf differentiation period, and the room temperature is maintained at 23-28°C and cannot exceed 30°C. Otherwise, the assimilation leaves will stop differentiation; from August to mid-September, flower bud differentiation will be required. Keep at room temperature 24-27°C, relative humidity 80%; from the end of mid-September to late-October, lead to the prosperous period, that is bulbs begin to sprout, keep at room temperature 23-16 °C, relative humidity 80%; from the end of October to the end of mid-November Department of flowering, the optimum temperature of 15-18 °C, relative humidity of 75%, room temperature more than 20 °C, prone to dead flowers, so the flowering period in case of high temperature and humidity weather, should take preventive measures. Second, the annual safflower cultivation techniques (a) field cultivation techniques 1, fine soil preparation, Shi foot surface fertilizer. The cultivation of safflower bulbs requires loose soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and high dryness of the groundwater table, with a pH of 5.5-6.5. Former crops were not treated with herbicides such as Astragaloside and benzalkonium, so as not to cause the bulbs to rot. After the previous harvest, the general mu applied 40-50kg of sulfur-containing ternary compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer, ploughing and ploughing the soil several times, cleaning up the residual roots, and then flattening the land to make the clay pieces fully loose and loose. After the bulbs are planted, use 2000-3000 kg of decomposed bar fertilizer or 1000-1500 kg of straw per acre as surface fertilizer. 2, select the ball, timely planting. The ball requires a single weight of 15 grams or more, and the ball has a large production volume. Balls under 10 grams the following year cannot bloom. Before planting, the seed ball must first be immersed in seed disinfection. The method is to soak seed for 1 minute with 50% fluclazide 2000 times or 70% imported thiophanate-methyl 800 times, and transplant the seedlings in a timely manner. Second, according to the size of bulbous colonization, that is, a single bud, double buds, three buds were planted respectively, bud spacing, single bud 10cm, double bud 15cm, three buds 20cm, row spacing is generally 20-25cm. The planting depth is preferably 2 times the diameter of the bulb. Classified colonization facilitates management and promotes balanced growth. The method of planting is to draw a rope with a width of 1.2-1.5m in width and 20-25cm in width of the sulcus, and mark the groove with a hoe. After the bulbs are planted, they are compacted and irrigated with water. Spread the bar fertilizer between the rows of the surface and cover the fertilizer with the mud to increase the soil temperature, moisturize and prevent freezing, and reduce the growth of the weeds. The best planting time is November and mid-November, and no later than November 25. In order to strive for early planting, when the flowering rate of indoor bulb reaches 80% in the year of late flowering, the bulb should be moved into the plant. In the field, the remaining 20% ​​of the flowers can be harvested in the field. The general requirement is to transplant to the field before the cold current arrives, in order to prolong the growth time of bulbs in the field, which is conducive to the long-rooted long-leaved leaves, promote the coarse sage of crocuses, and enhance the ability to keep out the cold. 3, timely topdressing drought, wipe buds weeding, disease prevention and control of mice. 1 timely topdressing drought. Colonization of the bulbs occurs when the soil is whitish and the climate is dry. It is estimated that no rain may occur in the near future. Irrigation and drought resistance are needed. The method is to fill the trench with water, and the water will be drained immediately after the surface is wet. The first topdressing in mid-January, Mushi Shiren excreted 1000-1500kg; the second top dressing in early February, Mushi light manure 1000-1500kg; the third in early March, Mushi sulfur imports three Yuan compound fertilizer 10kg for top dressing, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spray 2-3 times, spray once every 7-10 days. 2 wipe bud weeding. After the bulbs are colonized, the lateral buds will still grow and they must be removed in time. The safflower field must be protected against weeds. After planting and covering the soil, the methenacill can be sprayed with 100 ml of water and 50 kg of water to prevent aphid weeds from being seen. Afterwards, there are grasses on the field and they cannot be picked up or applied. Herbicides that have been tested to avoid damage to the roots of saffron or causing phytotoxicity. After the Ching Ming Long grass does not need to pull, in order to facilitate the soil cooling and moisturizing, postponed leaves dead. 3 disease prevention rodents. In order to focus on agricultural control, priority should be given to crop rotation and the selection of disease-free bulbs. If bacterial spoilage or wilt disease is found in the field, it can be treated with 50 kg of triadimefon and 50 kg of sprayed water. The diseased plants should be removed in a timely manner and lime must be used. Powder disinfection. The field should also pay attention to the prevention of rat damage. 4, timely harvest bulbs. In early May, when the leaves of the saffron were all yellow, the sunny soil was harvested when it was semi-dry. The bulbs obtained should be removed from the soil and spread thinly and then returned to the interior. The returned bulbs can be soaked for 1 minute with 50% fluoxetine 2000-fold or 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-fold for 1 minute, then spread thinly on a cool, dry, ventilated surface at a height of no more than 10 cm. (B) indoor cultivation and collection of flowers 1, framed shelves. The saffron bulbs are distributed around the room for about one week. The bulbs are cut off from the top of the bulbs. The bulbs can be individually framed according to the size of the bulbs. Most of the safflower bulbs are made of silkworms and wooden boxes for silkworm rearing. With the bottom facing downwards, the single layer is tightly discharged into the bamboo raft, and then the raft is placed on a multi-layer wooden rack with an interval of about 40 cm and the ground floor is 15-20 cm from the ground. 2. Cultivation and management before sprouting. The rooms where safflower is cultivated are required to be ventilated and bright. The indoor is warm in winter and cool in summer. Generally, the floor of the building is good, and the ground is better with mud land. For example, the cement floor should be strengthened with the regulation of humidity. From the time the bulbs were erected, the interior was dominated by low light and darkness. Doors and windows were draped with draught curtains or dark curtains. The maximum indoor temperature did not exceed 30°C. During the hot season in July and August, attention should be paid to cooling. Doors and windows were closed during the day and ventilation was turned on at night. 8 After mid-and-late months, due to the differentiation of flower buds, the relative humidity in the room must be maintained at about 80%, and the ground and walls are often watered, and soaked with weeds can also be spread on the ground to keep the air moist. However, bulbs must not be sprinkled with water. If you encounter water safflower bulbs and grow roots in advance, it will affect flowering and bulb propagation after planting. 3. Cultivation and management before flowering. Before and after the Mid-Autumn Festival, the bulbs begin to sprout. At this time, the indoor light should be gradually lightened, but the sunlight can not directly hit the bulbs. The direct light will inhibit the growth of the main buds; nor can it be too dark, and the dark will make the main buds grow. When the flowering peak is reached, the shoot length does not exceed 15 cm. After the saffron starts to sprout, it will continuously extract a lot of lateral buds, and it is necessary to continuously remove the lateral buds that occur around it. Although these side buds can also form many small bulbs in the field, due to the dispersion of nutrients, large bulbs cannot be concentrated, while bulbs smaller than 10 grams cannot be flowered in the same year. Therefore, it must be completely removed. This is an important measure for increasing production. 4, flowering management and flower harvesting and processing 1 flowering period is mainly good temperature and humidity control. It is necessary to prevent the temperature below 15°C, and also to prevent the high temperature above 20°C. It is easy to die when the temperature exceeds 20°C, the optimum temperature for flowering is 15-18°C, and the relative humidity is maintained at about 75%. 2 flowering habits. The saffron grows about 40 days from budding to flowering, and flowering usually lasts from late October to mid-November. From budding to flowering, it takes 2-4 days. When saffron blooms, it adapts to strong light. Before 9 o'clock in the morning, the petal gradually closes at half past 4 o'clock in the afternoon. The opening time of each flower can last for 2 days. The flowers that bloom day by day are bright and harvesting is best at this time. 3 flower harvesting and processing. The medicinal part of saffron is the red flower bud in the flower bud, which is required to be peeled on the day of flowering on the same day. When the flowers are taken out of time, the chemical industry is large and the output is low. If it cannot be taken during the day, it can be lighted up (with a 60-100 watt lamp) and then continue picking. In case of excessively high temperature or hot and foggy weather, it is easy to produce flowers that are not open and cause flowers to die. The shape of dead flowers is that the buds are not clear, the color is dark purple, and there are obvious wrinkles. The dead flowers are found to be peeled in time. The collected flowers must be dried on the same day. The method is: Spread the style thinly on white paper, place it on a mild fire at 40-50°C or dry it in an oven. The dried filaments prevent resurgence.